磁场调控纳米生物催化的研究进展与生物医学应用  

Research Progress and Biomedical Applications of Magneto-controlled Nanobiocatalysis

作　　者：李佳琪 石瑞兴 徐佳瑶 郑璐 王妮妮 李嘎龙 樊海明 和媛 LI Jia-Qi;SHI Rui-Xing;XU Jia-Yao;ZHENG Lu;WANG Ni-Ni;LI Ga-Long;FAN Hai-Ming;HE Yuan(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学化学与材料科学学院,西安710127

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2024年第12期3123-3135,共13页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1201401);国家自然科学基金(32371456,32101136);陕西省高校青年创新团队科研项目(22JP081);陕西省重点研发项目(2022SF-181);暨南大学人工器官及材料教育部工程研究中心开放基金(ERCAOM202210);西北大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2024106971323)资助。

摘　　要：纳米生物催化治疗是一种利用外源纳米催化剂在病变区域引发特定化学反应来实现疾病治疗的新兴治疗方式,因其具有高效性、高选择性和外物理场的可调控性,已成为生物医学领域的热点方向。近年来,外物理场(超声、光场、电场、磁场等)调控的纳米生物催化受到了广泛关注。其中,磁场作为一种安全可控且无组织穿透深度限制的外源性刺激方法,已应用于临床磁热疗与磁共振成像,近年来在催化治疗领域也展现出广阔的前景。本文重点综述了磁性材料在磁场作用下产生的三种物理效应(磁热、磁力、磁电),以及基于这些物理效应调控纳米生物催化的研究现状,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。Enzyme therapy,known for its high efficiency and high selectivity,is an emerging treatment method that utilizes the catalytic activity of exogenous enzyme molecules to initiate specific chemical reactions in the diseased area for disease treatment.With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology,nanomaterials have brought a new revolution in enzyme therapy.Firstly,nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity(known as nanozymes)have the ability to replace enzymes for catalytic therapy due to their advantages such as tunable nanostructures,high stability,and low cost.Secondly,the construction of nanohybrid enzymes using enzyme engineering techniques can improve the poor stability and limited application performance of enzymes.Finally,many nanomaterials exhibit unique responsiveness to external stimuli such as light,electricity,magnetism,and sound,allowing the catalytic activity of nanozymes and nanohybrid enzymes to be precisely controlled by remote physical fields.Compared to other stimuli,magnetic fields have advantages such as deep tissue penetration,no radiation hazard,remote manipulability,and high spatiotemporal resolution.Under the action of different magnetic fields,magnetic nanomaterials can produce magnetothermal,magnetomechanical,and magnetoelectric effects,respectively.In recent years,significant research progress has been made in utilizing these effects to regulate the catalytic behaviors of nanobiocatalysts.The magnetothermal effect is the process in which magnetic nanomaterials convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy when subjected to a high frequency alternating magnetic field.This effect has been harnessed to remotely regulate the nanobiocatalysts by inducing changes in the surrounding temperature.The magnetomechanical effect refers to the magnetic force generated by the interaction between the magnetic field and magnetic particle when exposed to a low frequency static magnetic field,rotating magnetic field,or gradient magnetic field.This effect regulates enzyme catalytic reactions by alte

关 键 词：磁性纳米颗粒 磁场 催化治疗 磁热效应 磁力效应 磁电效应 

分 类 号：TM271[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O441.4[电气工程—电工理论与新技术] Q814[理学—电磁学]