钙肥对不同粒型花生开花、下针、结果动态的影响研究  

The effects of calcium fertilizer on the flowering,pegging,and pod development dynamics of peanut plants with different grain types

作　　者：肖萍 唐康 谭红娇 曾宁波[1,2,3] 罗梓楠 刘登望 李林[1,2,3] XIAO Ping;TANG Kang;TAN Hong-jiao;ZENG Ning-bo;LUO Zi-nan;LIU Deng-wang;LI Lin(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Chang-sha 410128,China;Institute of Upland Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家花生工程技术研究中心长沙分中心/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第6期1303-1311,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);湖南省现代农业产业技术体系;湖南省重点研发计划(2021NK2005)。

摘　　要：为探究在瘠薄红壤旱地施用钙肥对花生生殖生长的影响,本研究选取大粒品种湘花2008、中粒品种湘花55、小粒品种蓝山小籽,设置施钙和不施钙两个处理,进行土柱栽培,调查和测定花生花、果针、荚果发育动态。结果表明:(1)施钙促进前期开花,控制中、后期开花,缩短花期;大、中、小粒型品种开花总量分别降低50.59%、38.47%、26.55%;减少高位花量,增加低位花量,提高有效花期内的开花总量。(2)施钙提高前期总果针数,降低生育后期果针数及未入土果针数,对前期未入土果针数影响不大;其中大粒型果针数受施钙的影响大于中粒型和小粒型,分别降低68.38%、53.55%、54.83%。(3)施钙提高不同粒型总果数尤其是中大果数,降低后期幼果数,且对大、中粒型品种的影响均大于小粒型品种。(4)施钙可以提高成果率,对不同粒型的成果率的效果表现为:大粒型>小粒型>中粒型。综上,不同粒型花生品种对南方缺钙瘠薄红壤旱地的适应性存在差异,从增产角度考虑,初步确定适宜种植大粒型品种,并在种植过程中建议增施钙肥。To investigate the effects of applying calcium fertilizer on peanut reproductive growth in barren red soil dry land,this study selected the large grain variety Xianghua 2008,the medium grain variety Xianghua 55,and the small grain variety Lanshanxiaozi.Two treatments were set up:one with calcium fertilizer application and the other without.Column cultivation was conducted,and the developmental dynamics of peanut flowers,pegs,and pods were observed and measured.The results indicated that:(1)Application of calcium fertilizer promoted early flower⁃ing,controlled mid-late flowering,and shortened the flowering period.The total number of flowers for large,medi⁃um,and small-sized varieties decreased by 50.59%,38.47%,and 26.55%respectively.It reduced the number of flowers at higher positions while increasing the number of flowers at lower positions,thus enhancing the overall flow⁃ering within the effective flowering period.(2)Applying calcium increased the total number of fruit needles in the early stage,while decreasing the number of fruit needles in the later stages of development and the number of nonembedded fruit needles.However,the impact on the number of non-embedded fruit needles in the early stages was not significant.Among them,calcium fertilizer had a greater effect on large-sized varieties compared to mediumsized and small-sized varieties,resulting in reductions of 68.38%,53.55%,and 54.83%respectively.(3)Calcium application increased the total number of fruits,especially medium and large-sized fruits,while reducing the num⁃ber of immature fruits in the later stages.Furthermore,the impact of calcium fertilizer on large and medium-sized peanut varieties was greater than on small-sized varieties.(4)Application of calcium fertilizer improved yield with better outcomes observed in larger-sized peanut varieties compared to medium and small-sized ones.Therefore,variations in the adaptability of different peanut varieties to calcium-deficient red soil in the southern area exist.From a crop yield perspective,i

关 键 词：钙肥 红壤 花生 不同粒型 生殖生长 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]