开花下针期干旱-复水对花生根系发育、光合生理及产量形成的影响  

Effects of drought-rewatering on root development,photosynthetic physiology and yield formation of peanut during flowering-pegging stage

作　　者：王诗语 李仍媛 艾鑫 马鑫磊 于洋 雷婧娜 赵新华 王婧 赵姝丽 张鹤 于海秋 WANG Shi-yu;LI Reng-yuan;AI Xin;MA Xin-lei;YU Yang;LEI Jing-na;ZHAO Xin-hua;WANG Jing;ZHAO Shu-li;ZHANG He;YU Hai-qiu(College of Agronomy/Peanut Research Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Changchun Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院/花生研究所,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]长春市农业技术推广站,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第6期1329-1338,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：为探究干旱-复水条件下花生根系形态、光合特性和产量形成的变化规律,以明确开花下针期干旱胁迫影响花生生长发育及产量的生理生态机制,以耐旱品种NH9和HY22,旱敏感品种NH16和NH21为试材,采用盆栽控水方式(于花生开花下针期进行中度干旱胁迫,并在胁迫后21天进行复水),探究了花针期干旱-复水条件下不同基因型花生根系形态、光合特性和产量形成的变化规律。结果表明,花针期干旱胁迫显著抑制了4个花生品种的根系干物质积累,且随胁迫时间的增加,抑制程度不断增大,NH9、HY22、NH16和NH21的降幅分别为11.22%~21.01%、11.83%~14.68%、38.78%~44.40%和31.94%~40.16%。干旱胁迫下,4个花生品种的光合气体交换参数和与叶绿素荧光参数均明显降低,但随着生育进程的推进叶绿素含量有所回升,与NH16和NH21相比,NH9和HY22的Gs和Ci相对较高,叶绿素荧光参数值Fv/Fm、Φ_(PSII)、Rfd和qP受影响较小,NPQ和叶绿素含量的增加幅度未达到显著水平。开花下针期干旱胁迫对花生产量影响较大,NH9、HY22、NH16和NH21的产量构成因素测定指标分别下降了3.67%~13.04%、4.32%~13.04%、18.19%~36.61%和14.53%~39.25%,其中导致耐旱品种减产的主要因素为单株饱果数,导致旱敏感品种减产的主要因素为单株荚果数。复水后,NH9和HY22的根系生长、干物质积累和光合特性等均可迅速恢复到正常水平,甚至产生超补偿作用;而NH16和NH21的受抑制程度虽有所减弱,但与对照相比仍存在一定差异,尤其根干重、根表面积、Pn和Rfd等指标。综上,不同基因型花生对干旱胁迫的响应特征并不完全相同,其中NH9和HY22较强的抗旱性主要得益于其发达的根系发育形态和适应干旱的光合能力。Root morphology,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield formation of peanut genotypes were in⁃vestigated under drought-rewatering conditions during the flowering and sub needling stages to elucidate the physio⁃logical and ecological mechanisms by which drought stress affects high-yield peanut production.Drought-tolerant varieties NH9 and HY22,as well as drought-sensitive varieties NH16 and NH21,were used as test materials in pot⁃ting experiments with controlled water supply.The results demonstrated that drought stress during the floweringneedling stage significantly impeded root dry matter accumulation in all four peanut varieties.The degree of inhibi⁃tion increased with prolonged stress duration,resulting in decreases ranging from 11.22%to 21.01%,11.83%to 14.68%,38.78%to 44.40%,and 31.94%to 40.16%for NH9,HY22,NH16,and NH21 respectively.Under drought stress,the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the four peanut vari⁃eties were significantly reduced.However,there was an increase in chlorophyll content,and NH9 and HY22 exhibit⁃ed relatively higher values of Gs and Ci compared to NH16 and NH21.The impact on chlorophyll fluorescence pa⁃rameter values(Fv/Fm,ΦPSII,Rfd,qP)was less pronounced,while the increase in NPQ and chlorophyll content did not reach a significant level.Drought stress during flowering and needle-down stages had a substantial effect on peanut yield.The yield per plant decreased by 3.67%-13.04%,4.32%-13.04%,18.19%-36.61%,and 14.53%-39.25%for NH9,HY22,NH16,and NH21,respectively.The reduction in yield for drought-tolerant varieties was primarily attributed to a decrease in the number of full fruits per plant;whereas for drought-sensitive varieties it was also due to a decrease in the number of full fruits per plant with additional influence from other factors such as pod formation.After re-watering,the root growth,dry matter accumulation,and photosynthetic characteristics of NH9 and HY22 were rapidly restored to normal levels,even exhibiting

关 键 词：花生 干旱胁迫 开花下针期 根系发育 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]