播密协同对带状间作大豆茎秆特性和产量的影响  

Effect of sowing date and density synergy on stalk characteristics and yield of soybean in strip-intercrop

作　　者：高超 陈平[1] 杜青[1] 罗凯 付智丹 林萍 李易玲 刘姗姗 雍太文[1] 杨文钰[1] GAO Chao;CHEN Ping;DU Qing;LUO Kai;FU Zhi-dan;LIN Ping;LI Yi-ling;LIU Shan-shan;YONG Tai-wen;YANG Wen-yu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第6期1364-1371,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS21);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1100200);四川省科技计划(21NZZH0063)。

摘　　要：阐明播期和密度协同下对不同株型大豆茎秆特性及产量的影响,筛选出大豆品种适宜的播期和密度,可为四川油菜收获后大豆-玉米带状间作种植提供参考。选择2个不同熟期的品种南夏豆25号(ND25,中晚熟,分枝型)、齐黄34(QH34,早熟,主茎型),分析播期(包括S1:5月中旬、S2:5月下旬、S3:6月上旬三个时期,2021和2022两个年份重复)及密度(4个密度,D1:81000株·hm^(-2),D2:101000株·hm^(-2),D3:140000株·hm^(-2),D4:171000株·hm^(-2))对带状间作大豆茎秆特性及产量的影响。同一播期随密度增加,植株产生避荫反应,各品种株高增加、茎粗减小,平均节长增加,植株更加纤细,导致茎秆抗折力降低,倒伏率上升,同时增密使植株种内竞争和自荫性加剧,植株单株生物量降低。同一密度随播期推迟,各品种的茎粗、茎秆抗折力、单株生物量减小,平均节长增加,ND25株高、倒伏率降低,QH34株高、倒伏率增加。ND25、QH34各处理平均分枝数分别为4.07、0.53,分枝产量贡献率各处理平均分别为55.30%、5.82%。播期推迟,ND25品种产量S1S2>S3,密度增加,ND25品种产量D1>D2>D3>D4,QH34品种D3>D2>D1>D4,ND25晚播适度稀植,QH34早播适度密植,主茎和分枝协同可提高大豆群体产量。中晚熟分枝型品种(ND25)适度晚播稀植,株型适宜,倒伏率低,在6月上旬(S3),8.1万株·hm^(-2)(D1)产量最高;早熟主茎型品种(QH34)适度早播密植,株型适宜,倒伏率低,在5月中旬(S1),14万株·hm^(-2)(D3)产量最高。This study aimed to investigate the effects of sowing date and density on stalk characteristics and yield formation of different plant architecture soybean varieties under soybean-corn strip intercropping.Two variet⁃ies with different of maturity periods,Nanxiadou 25(ND25,intermediate-late maturing,branching type)and Qi⁃huang 34(QH34,early maturing,primary stem type)were selected to assess the effects of sowing date(S1:mid-May,S2:late May,S3:early June,3 periods repeated in 2021 and 2022)and density(D1:81,000 plants hm^(-2),D2:101,000 plants hm^(-2),D3:140,000 plants hm^(-2),D4:171,000 plants hm^(-2))on the plant architecture and yield of soy⁃beans in strip intercropping.Increasing density at the same sowing period resulted in shade avoidance behavior characterized by increased plant height,reduced stem diameter,increased average node length and slenderer plants in all varieties,resulting in lower stem bending force and higher lodging rate.Simultaneously,the increasing in den⁃sity intensified intraspecific competition and self-shading,while reducing plant biomass per plant.The delay in sowing at the same density decreased stem diameter,stem bending force,and biomass per plant for each variety,while the average node length increased.For ND25,there was a decrease in plant height and lodging rate,whereas for QH34,there was a increase in plant height and lodging rate.The average number of branches for each treatment was 4.07 and 0.53 for ND25 and QH34,respectively,and the average branch yield contribution for each treatment was 55.30%and 5.82%,respectively.With delayed sowing,the yield of ND25 followed the order:S1<S2<S3,while the yield of QH34 followed:S1>S2>S3.With increased density,the yield of ND25 followed:D1>D2>D3>D4,while the yield of QH34 followed:D3>D2>D1>D4.In summary,appropriate late planting and moderate thinning were beneficial for ND25,while appropriate early planting and moderate density were beneficial for QH34,and the synergy between primary stem and branching could increase soybean populatio

关 键 词：大豆-玉米带状间作 播期 密度 茎秆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S529[农业科学—作物学]