333例儿童急性中毒特征分析  

Analysis of Characteristics in 333 Cases of Acute Poisoning in Children

作　　者：赵序香 何维 ZHAO Xuxiang;HE Wei(Pediatric Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zun yi 563000,Chin)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学第二附属医院儿科,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《中华灾害救援医学》2024年第10期1170-1172,共3页Chinese Journal of Disaster Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析本地区不同年龄段儿童急性中毒的临床特点,为制定科学有效的防治措施提供依据。方法选取2019年3月至2024年2月遵义医科大学第二附属医院急诊儿科收治的333例0~14岁急性中毒患儿的临床资料,回顾性分析中毒类型及特点。结果儿童急性中毒四季均有发生,以春夏季多发(60.6%),男童占比55%,女童45%;年龄中位数为3.05岁,其中幼儿期(38.7%)和学龄前期(27%)发生率较高;中毒类别以常用药物中毒为主,中毒方式以口服为主,不同性别、年龄、季节中毒患儿的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中289名患儿(86.79%)就诊时间在6h以内,中位就诊时间为1.34(0.57~3.82)h。所有患儿均治愈,无死亡病例。结论儿童急性中毒高发年龄段为幼儿及学龄前期,男童发生率较女童高,青春期以自服为主。预防儿童急性中毒需扩大宣传,加强照护者安全防范意识,重点关注可致中毒物品的存放及使用,培养儿童养成良好的饮食卫生习惯,关注青春期儿童的心理健康。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute poisoning in children of different age groups in this region,in order to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective prevention and treatment measures.Methods Clinical data from 333 cases of acute poisoning in children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between March 2019 and February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the types and characteristics of poisoning.Results Acute poisoning in children occurs throughout the year,with a higher incidence in spring and summer(60.6%).Boys account for 55%of the cases,while girls account for 45%.The median age is 3.05 years,with higher incidence rates observed in toddlers(38.7%)and preschool-aged children(27%).The most common type of poisoning involves commonly used medications,primarily through oral ingestion.There are statistically significant differences in poisoning cases across gender,age,and season(P<0.05).A total of 289 children(86.79%)sought medical care within 6 hours,with a median time to presentation of 1.34 hours(range 0.57~3.82 hours).All cases were successfully treated,with no fatalities.Conclusion The peak incidence of acute poisoning in children occurs in toddlers and preschool-aged groups,with a higher prevalence in boys compared to girls.In adolescence,self-administration is the predominant form of poisoning.To prevent acute poisoning in children,it is essential to enhance public awareness,improve caregivers'vigilance regarding safety,and focus on the storage and use of potentially toxic substances.Additionally,fostering good dietary and hygiene habits in children and addressing the mental health of adolescents are crucial preventive measures.

关 键 词：儿童 中毒 毒物 急救医学 

分 类 号：R720.597[医药卫生—急诊医学]