中尼第二次廓尔喀战争及其影响  

The Second Gurkha War Between China and Nepal and Its Impact

作　　者：王艳芬[1] WANG Yanfen(School of Social Development and Public Administration,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou Jiangsu 215009)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《苏州科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期46-53,108,共9页Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“尼中印三角关系研究(1950—2018)”(19BSS058)。

摘　　要：有清一代,尼泊尔的统治者廓尔喀人分别于1788年、1791年和1855年三次入侵西藏,挑起中尼战争,其中第二次中尼战争以清朝最终将尼泊尔纳入朝贡体系而收尾。但此战的影响绝非仅此而已,它对尼泊尔、英属东印度公司以及中国的清王朝和西藏地区都产生了较为深远的影响。这次战争从心理上震慑了廓尔喀人,遏制了其在西藏的贸易与货币体系中建立霸权的野心,迫使尼泊尔调整了外交政策;挫伤了英属东印度公司的商业拓展,阻止了英属印度对尼泊尔的吞并。与此同时,它也强化了清廷对西藏的管辖,巩固了西藏边防,使清王朝对外政策产生收缩性转折。因而,这次战争成为形塑彼时亚洲国际关系格局的重要因素之一。During the Qing dynasty,Gurkhas,the rulers of Nepal,provoked Sino-Nepalese Wars by invading Tibet three times in 1788,1791 and 1855 respectively,with the second time ended finally with Nepal being brought by the Qing dynasty into its tribute system.However,the impact of the war was far more than that;it had far-reaching consequences for Nepal,the British East India Company,and the Qing dynasty and Tibetan region of China.The war psychologically deterred the Gurkhas,curbed their ambitions to establish hegemony in Tibet's trade and mone tary system,and forced Nepal to adjust its foreign policy;it thwarted the commercial expansion of the British East India Company,and prevented the annexation of Nepal by British India,At the same time,it also strengthened the Qing court's jurisdiction over Tibet,consolidated the Tibetan border defense,and brought about a contractionary turn in the Qing dynasty's foreign policy,As a result,the war became one of the most important factors in shaping the pattern of international relations in Asia at that time.

关 键 词：尼泊尔 清王朝 第二次廓尔喀战争 英属东印度公司 《萨高利条约》 

分 类 号：K355.4[历史地理—历史学]