从“白俄残党”到“苏联公民”——1917—1945年哈尔滨俄侨群体心态的转变过程  

From“White Emigre”to“Soviet Citizens”——The Transformation of Group Psychology among Overseas Russian in Harbin in 1917—1945

作　　者：刘乘林 Liu Chenglin(Institute of History,Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省社会科学院历史研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《黑河学院学报》2024年第12期29-32,共4页Journal of Heihe University

摘　　要：近代以来,随着中东铁路的建设和投入使用,大批俄侨作为技术工人和管理人员迁至哈尔滨并定居于此。1917至1945年间,俄国国内的政权更迭和中俄(苏)日三国势力在哈尔滨地区的角逐使得在哈俄侨在身份认同和群体心态上也发生了种种变化。俄国国内布尔什维克掌权后,在哈俄侨出于阶级立场等因素,普遍对苏维埃政权持不承认和敌对态度。1932年,日本占领东北后建立傀儡政权“伪满洲国”,日本侵略者的种种暴行和国际反法西斯战争的全面爆发逐渐唤醒了一些俄侨的家国情怀,开始承认自己苏联公民的身份。直至1945年苏联红军出兵哈尔滨,他们在政治身份和情感认同上最终完成了“白俄残党”向“苏联公民”的转变。With the construction and operation of the Chinese Eastern Railway,a large number of Russian had moved to Harbin as technical workers or management personnel and settled there.From 1917 to 1945,great changes in the identity and group mentality of Russian immigrants in Harbin had taken place due to the change of political power within Russia and the competition among the three powers of China,Russia(Soviet Union),and Japan in Harbin.After the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia,Russian immigrants in Harbin generally held a non-recognition and hostile attitude towards the Soviet regime due to class positions and other factors.In 1932,Japan occupied Northeast China,and established the puppet regime“Manchukuo”.The various atrocities committed by the Japanese aggressors and the comprehensive outbreak of the international antifascist war gradually awakened the patriotism of some Russian immigrants,who began to recognize their identity as Soviet citizens.Until the Soviet Red Army invaded Harbin in 1945,they fi nally completed the transformation from being“WhiteÉmigré”to“Soviet citizens”in terms of political identity and emotional identity.

关 键 词：哈尔滨俄侨 心态史 中东铁路 伪满洲国 

分 类 号：K265.9[历史地理—历史学]