动态负载下电动汽车配送路径优化  

Optimization of Electric Vehicle Distribution Routes under Dynamic Load

作　　者：李荷华[1] 吕成林 LI Hehua;LYU Chenglin(School of Economics&Management,Shanghai Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209,China)

机构地区：[1]上海第二工业大学经济与管理学院,上海201209

出　　处：《物流技术》2024年第10期50-63,共14页Logistics Technology

摘　　要：企业为响应国家“双碳”目标和降低配送费用,在货物配送中选择可代替传统燃油汽车的电动汽车已成为主流。针对电动汽车配送路径优化展开研究,分析了动态负载下电动汽车电量的非线性能量消耗,在已有非线性能量消耗模型的基础上,进一步探究电动汽车充电上游的碳排放,考虑配送过程中的路径、载重、电量及时间窗约束,建立以电动汽车固定成本、行驶成本、充电成本、时间窗惩罚成本和碳排放成本之和最小化为目标函数的路径优化模型。在蚁群算法的基础上,加入精英策略改进,通过实例求解得到最小配送成本及配送路线,验证了模型和改进算法的有效性。With the development of e-commerce,the logistics industry is growing rapidly.As traditional distribution vehicles,fuel vehicles produce a large amount of vehicle exhaust and cause air pollution.To achieve national carbon peaking and neutrality goals,energy conservation and emission reduction have become the main issues urgently needed to be solved.Thus logistics enterprises actively respond to the call,and gradually use electric vehicles as distribution vehicles,which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.However,electric vehicles have problems such as short driving range,low load and insufficient power,which further complicate the scene of logistics distribution.Aiming at these problems,we carried out this research on the optimization of electric vehicle distribution route,analyzed the nonlinear energy consumption of electric vehicles under dynamic load,and further explored the carbon emissions upstream to the charging of electric vehicles on the basis of the built nonlinear energy consumption model.Also,considering the constraints of path,load,energy and time window in the distribution process,we established a path optimization model aimed to minimize the sum of fixed cost,driving cost,charging cost,time window penalty cost and carbon emission cost.Then,based on the ant colony algorithm improved with the elite strategy,we solved the model and verified it with a numerical example.The results show that although the model considering carbon emission cost increases the distribution cost to a certain extent,it can help enterprises evaluate the optimization effect of distribution routes more comprehensively,promote sustainable development,and enhance their social responsibility and brand image.In addition,compared with the classical ant colony algorithm,the ant colony algorithm with elite strategy has obvious advantages in solution efficiency and optimality.In conclusion,we provided a new perspective and method for electric vehicle distribution route optimization,which has important theoretical and pract

关 键 词：动态负载 电动汽车 配送路线优化 非线性能量消耗 碳排放 

分 类 号：U492.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] TM910.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] F224[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]