跨国史视角在印度尼西亚独立战争研究中的运用  

The Application of Transnational Historical Perspective in the Study of the Indonesian War of Independence

作　　者：吴耀庭 Wu Yaoting(Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院印度尼西亚中心,福建福州350117

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2024年第6期92-104,共13页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2023年中山大学研究生学术创新项目“传染病、国家安全与民族主义:冷战时期印度尼西亚的卫生外交”(65000-11230011)。

摘　　要：随着跨国史研究的兴起与相关理论的完善,运用跨国史视角研究印度尼西亚独立战争史成为可能。文章认为现有的印度尼西亚独立战争史研究存在“传统民族国家的研究视角凸显”“多聚焦于国际关系史及独立运动的高层研究而忽视时代背景下的底层研究”两点共性。在现有研究的基础上,跨国史的研究视角可以对印度尼西亚独立战争史的研究进行补充。研究认为,从跨国史的研究视角出发,可以从将跨国民众纳入研究范畴,从而从微观和宏观视角探讨印度尼西亚独立战争史;探讨跨国资本的流动,受局势的影响,在荷属东印度群岛上的跨国资本如何抉择自身的未来;通过对国际组织和非政府组织流动的研究,透视独立战争期间跨国组织产生的影响等3个领域扩展印度尼西亚独立战争史的研究视角。研究视角的扩展,让印度尼西亚独立战争史可以通过跨国家、跨学科及“自上而下”这3条路径进行研究。以独立战争时期印度尼西亚的传染病为例,通过跨国史与民族国家史的结合,研究发现民族主义情绪影响到不同阶层,导致医务人员因所处不同族群而产生对立,使得公共卫生体系失灵,从而成为传染病疫情扩散的“帮凶”。这一案例表明,跨国史视角的研究是民族国家史有益的补充。跨国史研究视角的推进,则以原始档案为基础。印度尼西亚民族国家史与跨国史研究视角的结合,使得印度尼西亚史的研究更为饱满。In the existing research on the history of the Indonesian independence war,there are two commonalities:the tra-ditional perspective of nation-state research is highlighted;and the focus is mainly on the high-level research on the history of in-ternational relations and the independence movement where as the underlying research during the times is neglected.Based on the existing research,the research perspective of transnational history can complement the research on the history of Indonesia's independence war.With the rise of transnational history and the improvement of relevant theories,it is possible to study the his-tory of Indonesia's independence war in terms of transnational history.The research perspective of the history of Ind onesia's inde-pendence war can be expanded from three areas:(1)transnational people can be included in the research category to explore the War history from the micro and macro perspectives;(2)the flow of cross-border capital influenced by the situation determines how cross-border capital in the Dutch East Indies chooses its own future;and (3)the flow of international organizations and non-governmental organizations can also provide insights into the impact of multinational organizations during the War.Such expan-sion allows the War history to be investigated through three paths:transnational,interdisciplinary and"top-down".Taking the in-fectious diseases in Indonesia during the War as an example,the study,through the combination of transnational history and nation-state history,finds that nationalist sentiments affect different social classes,leading to antagonism among medical staff due to their different ethnic groups and malfunctioning of the public health system,which becomes the“contributor”of the spread of infectious diseases.This shows that the research from the perspective of transnational history is a useful supplement to the history of nation-states.The advancement of the research perspective of transnational history is based on original archives.The combination of In

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 独立战争 跨国史 民族国家史 跨国对象 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学] D734.2[历史地理—世界史]