清流与朋党:瞿鸿禨与清末政局  

Qingliu(Clear Stream)and Factional Politics:Qu Hongji and Political Situations in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张建斌 Zhang Jianbin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第6期60-70,M0004,共12页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“19世纪上半叶清朝的边疆与边政研究”(22&ZD231)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清流议政是传统士大夫政治的重要脉络与学术议题。清末军机大臣瞿鸿禨作为枢府权力重心所在,整合了具有清流底色的士人,与北洋朋党抗争。丁未政潮前后言路参与政治的一系列事件并非偶然,清浊之争是一条重要线索,既有成案尚有重新解读的空间。瞿鸿禨遭罢免的内在因由尚可再审,所言授意言官与暗通报馆,实难定论的两项指控,深层指向为朝野内外的士议,清流口诛笔伐的结党反而成为瞿出枢最为关键的要素。清流浊化影响了清末政治生态,折射出鼎革前后士人面对变局的抉择与命运轨迹,时势赓衍与此不无关系,光宣朝政以清流始以清流终。The term Qingliu(clear stream)represents the self-image of Confucian intellectuals in traditional China.The political involvement of Qingliu scholar-bureaucrats has been a persistent and significant theme in Chinese history.As a central political figure and one of the Military Ministers during the late Qing era,Qu Hongji played a crucial role in mobilizing Qingliu scholar-bureaucrats in their rivalry with the Beiyang Faction.This competition between the Qingliu and Beiyang Factions sheds important light on the events surrounding the Dingwei political uproar in 1907,especially the opening of political channels.As a result,established explanations for the Dingwei incident require closer scrutiny.In particular,the reasons for Qu Hongji's dismissal warrant reexamination.The two charges against himmisleading government remonstrators and secretly leaking information to the press-were difficult to substantiate.More crucially,the political mobilization of public opinion by Qingliu scholar-bureaucrats played a decisive role in Qu Hongji's downfall.As a group,the Qingliu scholar-bureaucrats left a lasting imprint on the political landscape of the late Qing Dynasty.The fluctuations in their political fortunes reflected their efforts to adapt to the impending upheaval.The Qingliu faction remained a persistent political force during the reigns of both the Guangxu and Xuantong emperors,and its rise and fall had far-reaching consequences for China's modern political trajectory.

关 键 词：清流 朋党 瞿鸿禨 北洋集团 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K252[政治法律—中外政治制度]