晚清电报的底本:汉字电码本《中国电报新编》的编纂、修订与通行  

A Prototype of the Late Qing Telegraph Codebook:Compilation,Revision,and Circulation of the Zhongguo Dianbao Xinbian(Chinese Telegraphic Codebook)

作　　者：张文洋 Zhang Wenyang

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第6期71-91,M0004,M0005,共23页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“跨国视野下的晚清电报通信与社会变革研究”(24CZS072)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪,莫尔斯码的设计开启了电报时代,汉字电码本的编纂则激活了晚清的电报通信。在清廷用电报应对内外困局的过程中,使用了《电信新法》这套电码本。官方之外,中国电报局面向社会发行了汉字电码本《中国电报新编》。经过多方的使用与修订,《中国电报新编》逐渐通行、简化甚至收入到日用类书之中。这套明码本在甲午战争之后复杂的信息环境里看似无用,实则不可或缺。在收发暗码密电、编纂新式密本、制定电报规则时,《中国电报新编》均发挥着重要的底本功能。当官方、大众、媒体共享一套通行本时,国内士绅、海外华侨皆得以向清廷、报刊发电表达诉求。《中国电报新编》突破了技术媒介的范围,带有了更多的政治、社会意涵。Since the introduction of Morse code in the 19th century,which marked the beginning of the telegraphy era,China's telegraph system took shape during the late Qing period with the creation of its own codebook.Amid both domestic and foreign challenges,the Qing government adopted Dianxin xinfa as the official telegraphic code.In addition to Dianxin xinfa,primarily used for government communication,the Imperial Chinese Telegraph Administration developed the Zhongguo dianbao xinbian(Chinese Telegraphic Codebook)for broader societal use.Following extensive revisions and widespread adoption,the Zhongguo dianbao xinbian was simplified,making it accessible and essential in the daily lives of the Chinese people.Although it might have seemed obsolete in the complex post-First Sino-Japanese War information landscape,it remained indispensable.It served as a key prototype for transmitting and receiving coded telegrams,designing new codes,and establishing telegraphic regulations.Furthermore,the codebook enabled both domestic gentries and the overseas Chinese diaspora to voice grievances and demands to the imperial court and the press.More than just a technical manual,the Zhongguo dianbao xinbian had significant political and societal implications.

关 键 词：晚清 电报 汉字电码本 《中国电报新编》 

分 类 号：G219.29[文化科学—新闻学] K252[历史地理—历史学]