庚子事变期间京官流亡与中枢重建  

Exodus of Imperial Officials and the Restoration of the Central Authority during the Boxer Rebellion

作　　者：孙凯 Sun Kai

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第6期138-155,M0006,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1900年春夏之际,随着义和团进京、甘军入卫,京师一时风声鹤唳。京官为求自保,纷纷携眷出京,是为庚子年京官的第一次流亡。清廷为维持秩序,对京官出京进行管控,略有成效。8月15日,八国联军侵入京师,“两宫”匆忙西逃,大量京官也被迫南下或随扈西行,此为京官第二次流亡。“两宫西狩”后,行在为恢复建制,开始有意识地收拢在途京官,流亡京官由此实现了从惶惶在途到权位的重新安置,而行在建制也在京官的渐次奔赴中逐步完整。此外,在中外和议背景下,清廷的中枢重建还掺杂了派系更替和新旧嬗递等因素。行在枢臣、东南督抚与全权议和大臣奕劻、李鸿章等策力合谋,一举扭转了庚子前倾向主战的中枢氛围,亦为后来的清末新政准备了条件。Since the spring of 1900,when the Boxer Rebellion reached Beijing,Dong Fuxiang's army was stationed to defend the city.The situation in the capital became increasingly tense and chaotic.In a bid for self-preservation,many officials secretly fled Beijing with their families,marking the first wave of the exodus of imperial officials in 1900.To maintain order,the Qing dynasty imposed strict restrictions on officials leaving the capital without authorization,achieving some measure of control.However,in July,when the Eight-power Allied Forces entered Beijing,Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled the Forbidden City,and large numbers of imperial officials followed suit,marking the second wave of exodus.As the royal court retreated toward Xi'an,efforts were made to reorganize the exiled officials along the way,making them available servants to the royal court in exile.This allowed for a reorganization of power,with the central authority in exile growing stronger as more officials arrived.Additionally,amidst peace negotiations between China and foreign powers,the Qing dynasty's central government underwent a process of reconstruction,influenced by factional shifts and the evolving balance of power between old and new forces.This not only reversed the wartime sentiment of 1900 but also set the stage for the reforms of the late Qing period.

关 键 词：庚子事变 京官流亡 行在 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]