腐熟羊粪添加微量元素对风沙土土壤微生物、酶活性和玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Adding Trace Elements to Decomposed Sheep Manure on Soil Microorganisms,Enzyme Activity and Maize Yield in Aeolian Sandy Soil

作　　者：何彦臻 许世奇 户可欣 高铱遥 倪义平 王旭东[1] HE Yan-zhen;XU Shi-qi;HU Ke-xin;GAO Yi-yao;NI Yi-ping;WANG Xu-dong(College of Natural Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Ordos Ecological Environment Monitoring Station in Inner Mongolia,Ordos 017300,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]内蒙古鄂尔多斯市生态环境监测站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017300

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第12期1634-1643,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项项目(2021EEDSCXQDFZ005);陕西省重点产业创新链研发计划(2022ZDLNY0205)。

摘　　要：为研究腐熟羊粪及添加微量元素(硫酸亚铁1%、硫酸锰0.5%、硫酸锌1%和硼砂0.5%,均为质量分数)对风沙土土壤酶活性、微生物学特性和玉米产量的影响,设置不施有机肥处理(CK)、施用腐熟羊粪[用量分别为7500(SM1)、15000(SM2)、22500(SM3)、30000 kg·hm^(-2)(SM4)]和相同用量腐熟羊粪+3%微量元素肥(SM1+TE、SM2+TE、SM3+TE、SM4+TE)共计9个处理,比较不同处理对土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性以及微生物数量、微生物量碳氮含量和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与不施有机肥处理(CK)相比,腐熟羊粪及腐熟羊粪添加3%微量元素肥料均增加了土壤微生物数量和微生物量碳氮含量,提高了脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性,其中以施入30000 kg·hm^(-2)的腐熟羊粪添加3%微量元素肥料处理效果最佳,与其他处理相比能够分别提高土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和微生物总量2~3倍,分别显著提高土壤微生物量碳(3.40%~58.26%)和微生物氮含量(7.09%~82.22%),提高脲酶(29.23%~108.26%)、碱性磷酸酶(51.92%~243.48%)、蛋白酶(7.17%~145.89%)、蔗糖酶(20.78%~112.19%)和脱氢酶活性(4.04%~201.75%)。通过隶属函数分析法对施用不同有机肥料后土壤肥力的综合评价发现,在腐熟羊粪中添加3%微量元素肥料处理30000 kg·hm^(-2)时肥力效果最好;施用不同有机肥后均显著增加玉米产量(16.70%~54.34%)。综合考虑土壤环境、玉米产量及经济效益等因素,SM1+TE可以作为提高土壤质量和当地作物产量及经济效益的有效措施。相关性分析结果也表明,土壤微生物量碳氮、酶活性、微生物数量和产量之间存在显著的正相关关系。To evaluate the effects of decomposed sheep manure with or without the addition of trace element fertilizer(1%ferrous sulfate,0.5%manganese sulfate,1%zinc sulfate and 0.5%borax,all by weight ratio)on the enzyme activity,microbiological characteristics and corn yield in aeolian sandy soil,a total of nine treatments were set up:no organic fertilizer treatment(CK),decomposed sheep manure application at 7500(SM1),15000(SM2),22500(SM3),30000 kg·hm^(-2)(SM4)and decomposed sheep manure with trace element fertilizer application at 3%rate represented by SM1+TE,SM2+TE,SM3+TE and SM4+TE,respectively.The different treatments were compared to analyze their effects on soil urease,alkaline phosphatase,protease,sucrase and dehydrogenase activities,as well as microbial quantity,microbial carbon/nitrogen content and corn yield.The results show that,in the wind-sand area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,compared with the control group without organic fertilizer(CK),the application of decomposed sheep manure and decomposed sheep manure with 3%trace element fertilizer also increased microbial quantity and microbial carbon/nitrogen content in the soil and improved urease,alkaline phosphatase,protease,invertase and dehydrogenase activities.Among the treatments,the best effect was observed with the application of decomposed sheep manure with 3%trace element fertilizer at a rate of 30000 kg·hm^(-2),which could increase the bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and total microbial quantity in the soil by 2 to 3 times,and the microbial carbon/nitrogen content in the soil increased significantly by 3.40%-58.26%and 7.09%-82.22%,respectively.The activity of urease,alkaline phosphatase,protease,invertase and dehydrogenase also increased by 29.23%-108.26%,51.92%-243.48%,7.17%-145.89%,20.78%-112.19%and 4.04%-201.75%,respectively.By using the membership function analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility after applying different organic fertilizers,it was found that the treatment of applying 30000 kg·hm^(-2)decomposed sheep manur

关 键 词：羊粪 微量元素 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物数量 玉米 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]