中间投入品进口对弱势群体就业的影响研究  

A study of the impact of intermediate input imports on the employment of vulnerable groups

作　　者：刘慧[1] 周琼 杜文 LIU Hui;ZHOU Qiong;DU Wen(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期629-639,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJL126);浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(LY24G030002);浙江理工大学基本科研业务费项目(22096201-Y)。

摘　　要：厘清中间投入品进口对弱势群体就业的影响机理,对中国制定降低中间投入品进口依赖程度和保障弱势群体就业方面的政策具有重要的参考价值。文章基于ADB数据库和世界银行数据库,运用OLS、2SLS和联立方程等方法细致分析中间投入品进口对弱势群体就业的作用机制与渠道,并进一步剖析中间投入品进口的收入差距效应。研究发现:首先,中间投入品进口会抑制弱势群体就业率的攀升,不利于弱势群体福利水平的提升,这也证实了产业链关键环节自主可控战略和科技自立自强战略的科学性与必要性。其次,中间投入品进口通过提升经济体的技术偏向性和要素资源配置效率两个潜在渠道,会抑制弱势群体就业率的提升,上述作用渠道成立的本质原因是弱势群体的技能水平相对较弱。因此,应大力提升弱势群体的技能水平。最后,中间投入品进口会扩大经济体收入的基尼系数,增加高收入群体的收入占比,降低低收入群体的收入占比。该结论表明,中国的共同富裕发展目标、产业链关键核心环节自主可控战略和中国式现代化战略在经济学逻辑上具有显著的相辅相成功能。Clarifying the impact mechanism of intermediate input imports on the employment of vulnerable groups has important reference value for China to formulate policies to reduce the dependence on the import of intermediate inputs and protect the employment of vulnerable groups.Based on the data from ADB and World Bank,this paper takes advantage of OLS,2SLS and simultaneous equation to analyze the mechanism and channel of the import of intermediate inputs on the employment of vulnerable groups,and further analyzes the income gap effect of imports of intermediate inputs.Three major conclusions are drawn.First,the import of intermediate inputs will inhibit the increase in the employment rate of vulnerable groups,which is not conducive to the improvement of the welfare of vulnerable groups.This also confirms the scientificity and necessity of the independent controllable strategy of key core links in the industrial chain and the strategy of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.Second,the import of intermediate inputs will inhibit the increase in the employment rate of vulnerable groups through two potential channels:the technological bias of the economy and the efficiency of factor resource allocation.The essential reason for the establishment of the above role channels is that the skill levels of vulnerable groups are relatively weak.To this end,the skill level of vulnerable groups should be greatly improved.Finally,the import of intermediate inputs will expand the Gini coefficient of the economy's income,which increases the income share of the high-income group and decreases the income share of the low-income group.To sum up,China's development goal of achieving common prosperity,the independent controllable strategy of key core links in the industrial chain,and the Chinese path to modernization strategy have significant mutual promotion functions in terms of economic logic.

关 键 词：中间投入品进口 弱势群体 就业 收入差距 抑制效应 技术偏向性 要素资源配置 

分 类 号：F724[经济管理—产业经济]