Neutron skin and its effects in heavy-ion collisions  

作　　者：Meng‑Qi Ding De‑Qing Fang Yu‑Gang Ma 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑Beam Application(MOE),Institute of Modern Physics,Fudan University,200433 Shanghai,China [2]Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics,NSFC and Fudan University,200438 Shanghai,China

出　　处：《Nuclear Science and Techniques》2024年第12期217-238,共22页核技术（英文）

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11925502,11935001,12347106,11961141003,12147101,and 11890714);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB34030000);National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606404)。

摘　　要：Neutron skin is an exotic phenomenon that occurs in unstable nuclei.In this study,the various efects of the neutron skin on nuclear reactions and their relationship with the properties of nuclear structures are reviewed.Based on numerous studies using theoretical models,strong correlations have been found between the neutron skin thickness and the neutron removal cross section,neutron/proton yield ratio,t∕3He yield ratio,neutron-proton momentum diference,isoscaling parameter,photon production,reaction cross sections for neutron-induced reactions,charge-changing cross-sectional diferences of mirror nuclei,astrophysical S-factor,and other quantities in nuclear reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei.Moreover,the relationships between the neutron skin thickness and certain properties of the nuclear structure,such asα-cluster formation,αdecay,nuclear surface,nuclear temperature,and proton radii diference of mirror nuclei,have also been investigated.Furthermore,it has also been shown that the neutron skin plays a crucial role in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.Experimentally,an unstable nucleus with a neutron skin can be generated by radioactive nuclear beam facilities,and the thickness of the neutron skin can be extracted by measuring the sensitive probes,which further helps impose stringent constraints on the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter and the properties of neutron stars.

关 键 词：Neutron skin Radioactive nuclear beam Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter 

分 类 号：O571.5[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]