从生态秩序到心态秩序:乡村互助养老的文化主体性建设  

From Ecological Order to Mental Order:The Construction of Cultural Subjectivity of Rural Mutual Aid for the Elderly

作　　者：王传发 WANG Chuan-fa(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国家治理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学基层法治研究所

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期74-84,共11页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“村规民约实施中的社会诚信机制研究”(22YJC820044)。

摘　　要：当前乡村互助养老注重资源、组织和制度维度的生态秩序建设,忽视文化主体性的心态秩序建设。农耕文明时期,乡村互助养老讲求“义利之辨”,强调村社共同体内部的道义互助责任。道义互助责任的履行,不依靠外在的生态要素,而是靠心态层面“将心比心”的伦理认知机制、“以行化人”的伦理感通机制与“施报往复”的伦理调节机制。转型期乡村互助养老实践,以权利生态吸纳责任心态,强调从生态维度对老年群体赋权,结果“利害”消解“道义”,破坏了互助养老的社会底蕴。乡村互助养老的未来发展应以重塑道义责任的心态秩序为本,生态秩序建设的最终目标是构建村社道义互助共同体,心态秩序为体、生态秩序为用,是建设具有中国文化主体性的乡村互助养老的关键。At present,the rural mutual assistance for the elderly pays attention to the construction of ecological order in the dimensions of resources,organization and system,and ignores the construction of mentality and order of cultural subjectivity.In the era of agricultural civilization,rural mutual assistance for the elderly emphasizes the“distinction between righteousness and benefit”,emphasizing the moral mutual assistance responsibility within the village community.The fulfillment of the responsibility of moral mutual assistance does not rely on external ecological factors,but on the ethical cognitive mechanism of“empathy”at the level of mentality,the ethical perceptual mechanism of“increasing mutual understanding with action”and the ethical adjustment mechanism of“mutual benefit”.The practice of mutual assistance for the elderly in rural areas in the transition period absorbs the mentality of responsibility with the ecology of rights,and emphasizes the empowerment of the elderly group from the ecological dimension,resulting in the dissipation of“morality”by“interests”and the destruction of the social heritage of mutual assistance for the elderly.The future development of the construction of ecological order is to build a community of moral mutual assistance in the village community,with the mentality order as the body and the ecological order as the use,which is the key to building a rural mutual aid pension with Chinese cultural subjectivity.

关 键 词：乡村互助养老 心态秩序 生态秩序 道义责任 文化主体性 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理] F323.89[社会学]