人工智能技术应用如何影响街头官僚的自由裁量权使用意愿?——一项调查实验研究  

How Does the Application of Artificial Intelligence Affect the Willingness of Streetlevel Bureaucrats to Exercise Discretion? A Survey Experiment

作　　者：孙宇 邓怡 孙琳之 Yu Sun;Yi Deng;Linzhi Sun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院 [2]电子科技大学公共管理学院 [3]洛阳市公安局交通警察支队情指联勤中心

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2024年第6期158-175,M0007,共19页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地区域公共管理信息化研究中心一般项目“人工智能赋能交通警察自由裁量权研究”(QGXH24-09)。

摘　　要：街头官僚在执法过程中充分行使自由裁量权是促进执法的教育与处罚手段相结合的重要保障。然而,长期的跟踪调查发现,随着人工智能越来越多地应用于交通执法活动,作为街头官僚的交通警察不再倾向于使用自由裁量权,交通执法出现了“以罚代管”的现象。为了检验该发现并进一步解释街头官僚自由裁量权使用意愿削弱的机制,论文以H省L市190名交通警察为研究对象开展了一次调查实验。研究发现:第一,人工智能应用的确会导致街头官僚的自由裁量权使用意愿下降;第二,感知流程复杂性在其中发挥了部分中介效应。研究结果表明,人工智能技术应用改变了街头官僚执法的客观条件,挤压了街头官僚的行动空间,导致他们行使自由裁量权的意愿降低。论文丰富了针对街头官僚自由裁量权的研究,提供了新的实证证据并发现了新的作用机制,对如何在交通执法中引入人工智能的工作实践提供了有益启示。The full exercise of discretion by street-level bureaucrats is an important guarantee for promoting the combination of education and punishment in the law enforcement process.However,long-term tracking surveys have found that as artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly involved in traffic law enforcement traffic police officers are no longer inclined to exercise their discretion.Instead,the“penalties substituting for management”phenomenon has emerged in traffic law enforcement.To test these observations and explain the decrease in street-level bureaucrats'willingness to exercise their discretion,this study conducted a survey experiment in H province's L city,with a representative sample of 190 traffic police officers.The study found that:(1)AI intervention reduced the willingness of street-level bureaucrats to exercise discretion.(2)Perceived process complexity played a partial mediating effect.The results show that the application of AI technology has changed the objective conditions of street-level law enforcement.The room for action is being squeezed,and these bureaucrats are measurably reluctant to exercise their discretion.This research provides new insights into street-level bureaucrat discretion.It also provides empirical evidence of new mechanisms and shows how AI changes traffic law enforcement work practices.

关 键 词：人工智能 街头官僚 自由裁量权 使用意愿 调查实验 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]