商业数据不正当竞争法律规制研究  

Research on Legal Regulation of Unfair Competition in Commercial Data

作　　者：徐春成 丁妙染 Xu Chuncheng;Ding Miaoran(College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest A&F University,Shaanxi Yangling 712199,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2025年第1期46-56,共11页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

摘　　要：商业数据作为新型生产要素,在商业竞争中发挥着举足轻重的作用。商业数据利用中的不正当竞争会损害消费者和经营者的利益,破坏市场竞争秩序。目前商业数据不正当竞争高发,其行为方式多样,且性质独特,难以用物权、知识产权等法律规则予以合理规制。因此,需要合理设计法律规则对之加以调整,促进市场良性竞争。文章首先从阐述商业数据不正当竞争行为的表现形式及判断标准和规制商业数据不正当竞争行为的意义着手,分析商业数据不正当竞争行为既有法律规制方案的现存问题,如《反不正当竞争法(修订草案征求意见稿)》“商业数据专条”设计的构成要件不清晰、损害后果僵化、兜底条款容易导致向一般条款逃避、商业数据不正当竞争行为认定困难、行政监管乏力等。其次针对这些问题尝试提出规制商业数据不正当竞争行为的建议,如保持立法的“谦抑性”、明晰商业数据不正当竞争行为认定的相关制度、完善商业数据专条、明晰行政监管权限及建立诉前止损机制。以期通过以上几个具体的规制建议,规范企业经营人员的公平竞争活动,为我国快速发展的数字经济运用科学的法律规制模式提供理论支撑。Business data,as a new type of production factor,plays a crucial role in commercial competition.Unfair competition in commercial data can harm the interests of consumers and operators,and disrupt the order of the competitive market.However,currently there are various ways of unfair competition cases caused by commercial data,and due to its unique competitive nature,it is difficult to classify them into the fields of property rights,copyright,intellectual property,etc.Therefore,it is necessary to explore scientific and reasonable regulatory measures to regulate and ensure the security and effectiveness of data competition.In summary,it is necessary to scientifically plan the legal system and promote healthy market competition.The author starts by elaborating on the manifestations and judgment standards of unfair competition behavior in commercial data,as well as the significance of regulating unfair competition behavior in commercial data.The author analyzes the existing problems of laws and regulations on unfair competition behavior in commercial data,such as controversy in legislative attempts,difficulties in identifying unfair competition behavior in commercial data,insufficient specialized provisions in commercial data,and weak administrative supervision.In response to these four issues,suggestions were made to regulate unfair competition in commercial data,such as maintaining the"modesty"of legislation,clarifying the relevant systems for identifying unfair competition in commercial data,improving commercial data regulations,clarifying administrative regulatory authority,and establishing a pre litigation stop loss mechanism.In order to standardize the fair competition activities of commercial operators through the above specific regulatory suggestions,and provide theoretical support for the scientific legal regulatory model of China's rapidly developing digital economy.

关 键 词：商业数据 不正当竞争行为 法律规制 数据安全 数字经济 

分 类 号：D912[政治法律—法学]