生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认的学理考察与规则设计  

Theoretical investigation and rule design of the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages

作　　者：殷爱民 YIN Aimin(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第10期116-124,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金后期资助项目“民事诉讼略式程序研究”(批准号:21HQ020);湖南省社会科学基金项目“司法确认程序功能激活研究”(批准号:23JD014)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害作为典型的公共风险,决定了对该风险的规制需要公法监管与私法救济的协同合作。生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序是生态环境损害赔偿制度迈向公私法合作治理结构的重要一环,旨在经由司法审查确保磋商协议的合法性并赋予其强制执行力。基于此,该研究采取实证研究方法,对生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序的适用现状进行分析。研究发现,生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序的适用效能不足,原因在于磋商协议的法律属性与生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序的本质属性存在认知误区。研究认为,单纯的民事合同说或者行政契约说因理论缺陷无法与磋商协议的法律属性相契合。磋商协议具有公私法双重属性。但其私法属性更为凸显,属于特殊的和解协议,与调解协议不可混同。同时,生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序与非讼程序的基本特征不符,不可适用非讼程序法理进行司法审查。生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认程序性质与略式程序更为适配,应当设置特殊的程序规则。具体而言,赔偿权利人与赔偿义务人启动该程序应当共同申请并提交证明力高的表面证据。该类案件可以根据行政级别和案件影响程度设置级别管辖,并由各地法院设立专门法庭集中管辖。法院在对申请书和证据材料进行形式审查时,应当秉持实质尊重原则,以磋商程序正当性和磋商协议合法性为审查重点,以不损害公共利益和案外利害关系人利益为底线要求。一旦磋商协议内容存在实质争议,法院应当终结该程序,告知当事人另行起诉。该程序应当保障案外利害关系人的程序参与权,并适用“异议-撤销”的事后救济路径。As a typical public risk,ecological and environmental damage determines that the regulation of this risk needs coordination and cooperation between public law supervision and private law relief.The judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages is an important part of the system of compensation for ecological and environmental damages towards the governance structure of public-private law cooperation,which aims to ensure the legality of the consultation agreement and give it enforcement force through the judicial review.Based on this,this study adopts the empirical research method to analyze the application status of the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages.It is found that the application efficiency of the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages is insufficient,which is due to the misunderstanding of the legal attribute of the consultation agreement and the essential attribute of the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages.The research shows that the simple theory of civil contract or administrative contract cannot fit in with the legal attributes of the consultation agreement due to theoretical defects.The consultation agreement contains the dual nature of public law and private law.But its private law attribute is more prominent;it belongs to the special settlement agreement and should not be confused with the mediation agreement.Meanwhile,the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages is inconsistent with the basic characteristics of non-litigation procedure,so non-litigation procedure jurisprudence cannot be applied to judicial review.The nature of the judicial confirmation of the consultation agreement on compensation for ecological and environmental damages is more suitable

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 磋商协议 公私法合作理论 司法确认程序 略式程序 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]