湖北省耕地“大占补”数量-质量平衡及其对粮食产能的影响  

Quantity and quality balance of farmland in Hubei Province in the context of ‘compensation for comprehensive occupation'and its impact on grain production capacity

作　　者：宋敏[1] 彭竞毅 易路平 傅健惠 SONG Min;PENG Jingyi;YI Luping;FU Jianhui(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China;College of Public Administration,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]华中农业大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第10期173-186,共14页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“大食物观视阈下的江汉平原耕地利用转型:问题研判、路径构建与政策响应”(批准号:72374221);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费(研究生科研创新平台)项目“湖北省城市扩张占用耕地的时空格局及驱动力演化路径研究”(批准号:202311053);“江汉平原耕地利用转型形态特征及其区域差异性研究”(批准号:202411068)。

摘　　要：守好耕地数量、质量“双红线”,将各类耕地占用统一纳入占补平衡管理,即由“小占补”拓展至“大占补”,是中国耕地占补平衡制度的重大变革,事关国家粮食安全和民族永续发展。该研究提出了一个理论分析框架,以揭示“大占补”视阈下耕地在数量与质量双重维度上的占补平衡及其对粮食产能的影响;进而以湖北省为研究区域,基于2015—2020年数据,运用数理统计和空间分析方法进行了实证检验。结果显示:(1)在数量维度,3个耕地亚类中水田被占用的比重最高,且“非粮化”已超过“非农化”,成为耕地占用的主要诱因;在质量维度,在自然等、利用等、经济等3个分等维度下,优等地与高等地的占用量占总占用量的比例均达75%以上,存在优质耕地占用量大的问题。(2)“小占补”实现了平衡,但“大占补”未能达到平衡。在数量维度,补充耕地面积与占用耕地面积间的缺口为1 298.60 hm2,且存在占用水田而补充旱地现象;在质量维度,优等耕地在3个分等维度下均未能实现占补平衡。(3)相比占用耕地的重心而言,补充耕地的重心呈现向坡度更陡、高程更高的西北方向移动的特征,耕地存在一定的边际化利用风险。(4)在数量-质量复合维度下测度耕地占补平衡对粮食产能的影响揭示了“数量”单一维度占补平衡对粮食产能影响的低估,数量-质量复合维度损失的粮食产能比“数量”单一维度多660.62 t,数量-质量复合维度损失的粮食产能达到4 302.27 t。研究提出,应通过强化耕地“非粮化”管控、确保后备耕地资源数量充足和质量有保障、实行耕地占补平衡倒逼机制等措施,推动落实面向“大占补”的耕地数量-质量双维平衡。Safeguarding the ‘double red lines' of farmland quantity and quality and integrating various types of farmland occupation into the overall compensation management,extending ‘compensation for built-up land occupation' to ‘compensation for comprehensive occupation,' represents a milestone reform in China's farmland compensation system and is crucial for national food security and sustainable development.This study developed a theoretical framework to reveal the balance of farmland in both quantity and quality dimensions under the ‘compensation for comprehensive occupation' policy and its impact on grain production capacity.Hubei Province was used as the study area to conduct empirical analysis using mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that from 2015 to 2020:(1) In terms of quantity,paddy fields had the highest proportion of occupation among the three subtypes of farmland.The non-grain use of farmland surpassed the non-agriculture use of farmland,becoming the main cause of farmland occupation.In terms of quality,across the three classification dimensions of nature,utilization,and economy,the occupation of superior and higherquality farmland accounted for more than 75% of the total,indicating a problem of large occupation of high-quality farmland.(2) ‘Compensation for built-up land occupation' achieved balance,but ‘compensation for comprehensive occupation' failed.In terms of quantity,the gap between compensated and occupied farmland was 1 298.60 hectares,with the phenomenon of replacing paddy fields with dry land.In terms of quality,superior farmland did not achieve compensation balance across all three quality dimensions.(3) Compared to the centroid of occupied farmland,the centroid of compensated farmland shifted towards the northwest,characterized by steeper slopes and higher elevations,indicating a risk of marginal land use.(4) The ‘quantity-quality' integrated perspective revealed an underestimation of the impact of land compensation on grain production capacity

关 键 词：“大占补” 耕地占补平衡 数量 质量 粮食产能 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]