中国三大粮食作物生产绩效及其要素源泉  

Production performance of China's three major grain crops and its factor sources

作　　者：杨骞 寇相涛[1,2] 祝辰辉 YANG Qian;KOU Xiangtao;ZHU Chenhui(School of Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan Shandong 250014,China;Center for High Quality Development,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学经济学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东财经大学高质量发展研究中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第10期187-195,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘双碳’背景下农业减排固碳与粮食安全协同推进研究”(批准号:22AJY008);泰山学者工程专项经费。

摘　　要：在新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升背景下,揭示主要粮食作物生产绩效演进规律并深入挖掘粮食生产绩效的要素源泉,对于确保粮食产量可持续增长和推进粮食产业高质量发展具有重要意义。该研究聚焦稻谷、小麦和玉米三大粮食作物,在数据包络分析框架下构建SBM方向距离函数模型,利用Luenberger生产率指标测度了2002—2021年中国粮食生产绩效,并从要素分解角度探究中国三大粮食作物生产绩效的源泉。研究结果表明:(1)样本期内,三大粮食作物生产绩效均呈现显著提升态势,主产区的粮食生产绩效改善最为明显。稻谷、小麦和玉米生产率分别累积增长21.86%、24.35%和18.68%。(2)三大粮食作物生产绩效的增长主要源于劳动生产率的提高,劳动生产率增速放缓是生产绩效增速下滑的主要原因。(3)技术进步是推动三大粮食作物生产绩效改善的主要动力,样本期内稻谷生产的技术进步始终依赖于劳动,小麦生产的技术进步源泉由土地转向劳动,玉米生产的技术进步源泉由劳动转向资本。面向新一轮粮食产能提升目标,通过激发种粮农民的积极性、加快农业科技创新、提高耕地质量等措施,切实提升生产要素绩效及总体绩效,为确保国家粮食安全、建设农业强国提供重要支撑。In the context of a new round of grain production capacity improvement,aimed at reaching 100 billion catties by 2030,it is of great significance to reveal the evolution law of the major grain production performance and explore the factor sources driving this performance in the process of ensuring the sustainable improvement of grain output and promoting the high-quality development of the grain industry.This study focused on the three major grain crops,namely rice,wheat,and corn,and constructed an SBM directional distance function model within the framework of data envelopment analysis.It also comprehensively measured China's grain production performance and factor performance from 2002 to 2021 by using the Luenberger productivity index,and explored the factor sources of the production performance of China's three major grain crops from the perspective of factor decomposition.The results showed that:(1) During the sample period,the production performance of the three major grain crops showed a significant improvement trend,with the most prominent improvement in the main grain-producing areas.The productivity of rice,wheat,and corn increased by 21.86%,24.35%,and 18.68%,respectively.(2) The growth of the production performance of the three major grain crops was primarily attributed to improved labor productivity,and the slowdown in labor productivity growth was the main reason for the decline in production performance growth.(3) Technological progress was the primary driving force behind the improvement in the production performance of the three major grain crops,with technological progress in rice always relying on the factor of labor,a shift from land to labor in wheat,and a shift from labor to capital in corn.To meet the goals in the new round of grain production capacity improvement,we should endeavor to improve the production factor performance and overall performance by stimulating grain farmers' enthusiasm,accelerating agricultural science and technology innovation,and enhancing cultivated land quality.Such

关 键 词：粮食安全 产能提升 生产绩效 Luenberger生产率 

分 类 号：F323.11[经济管理—产业经济]