电气浮-电化学氧化串联人工湿地对农村污水净化效果及其细菌群落结构特征  

Effectiveness of Electroflotation-Electrochemical Oxidation TandemArtificial Wetland on Rural Wastewater Purification and ItsBacterial Community Structure Characterization

作　　者：薛鑫 刘云根[1,2] 王妍 王铁运[1] 卢秀秀 李金蕾 郭鹏程 朱桐萱 罗虎 XUE Xin;LIU Yun-gen;WANG Yan;WANG Tie-yun;LU Xiu-xiu;LI Jin-lei;GUO Peng-cheng;ZHU Tong-xuan;LUO Hu(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Evolution and Pollution Management in Mountainous Rural Areas of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第34期14889-14899,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：云南省科技计划重点项目(202301AS070042);云南省科技计划面上项目(202201AT070048)。

摘　　要：人工湿地作为良好的废水处理方法被广泛推广,但在处理农村污水过程中存在净化效能低等问题。因此,构建了电气浮-电化学氧化与人工湿地串联系统(electrical floating-electrochemical oxidation series constructed wetland system,E-CW),以西南林业大学污水处理厂调节池出水为研究对象,探究其对农村污水净化效果及细菌群落结构的变化规律。结果表明,E-CW系统在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为120 h时,对总磷(TP)、正磷(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和总氮(TN)的去除效果最好,去除率分别可达65.92%、61.44%、80.81%和71.27%;当HRT为96 h时,化学需氧量(COD)的去除率最高,为82.92%,系统出水水质稳定达标;变形菌门、γ-变形菌纲和假单胞菌属是E-CW系统中的门、纲和属水平中的主要优势细菌;冗余分析结果表明,E-CW系统中门水平的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)等细菌群落的相对丰度是氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、正磷(PO_(4)^(3-)P)及其化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)净化的主要驱动因素;斯皮尔曼分析结果表明,较长HRT(120 h)有利于系统反硝化细菌的富集,促进氮磷类污染物降解,在一定程度上揭示了E-CW系统去污效能。研究结果可为农村污水净化提供科学依据和技术支撑。Constructed wetlands,hailed as a promising approach for wastewater treatment,have garnered significant attention.Nonetheless,challenges persist,particularly concerning the suboptimal purification efficiency when handling rural sewage.Therefore,a tandem system integrating electroflotation,electrochemical oxidation,and constructed wetlands was developed,utilizing the effluent from the regulation pool of the Southwest Forestry University wastewater treatment plant as the research subject.The objective was to investigate the system's effectiveness in purifying rural wastewater and to analyze changes in bacterial community structure.The results show the E-CW system exhibits optimal performance in eliminating TP(total phosphorus),PO_(4)^(3-)-P(orthophosphate),NH_(4)^(+)N(ammonia nitrogen),and TN(total nitrogen)at HRT(hydraulic retention time)of 120 h,achieving removal rates of 65.92%,61.44%,80.81%,and 71.27%,respectively.At an HRT of 96 h,the removal rate of COD(chemical oxygen demand)peaks at 82.92%,ensuring consistent compliance of the system's effluent quality with the standard.Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,and Gemmatimonadota are the major dominant bacteria at the phylum,class,and genus levels in the E-CW system.Redundancy analysis revealed that Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadota,Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidota played pivotal roles as major drivers for NH_(4)^(+)N,TN,TP,PO_(4)^(3-)-P,and COD purification within the E-CW system.The Spearman analysis results indicate that a longer HRT(120 h)is beneficial for the enrichment of denitrifying bacteria in the system,promoting the degradation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants,and to some extent revealing the purification efficiency of the E-CW system.The research results can provide scientific basis and technical support for rural sewage purification.

关 键 词：农村污水 人工湿地 电气浮-电化学氧化 细菌群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]