宋明货币运行的空间差异及整合问题——结合南、北的视角  

The Spatial Differences of Currency Operation and the Concerning Integration Issues in the Song and Ming Dynasties:A Perspective from North and South China

作　　者：邱永志 Qiu Yongzhi(School of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期126-137,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“货币转型下明代信用发展研究”(22CZS034)。

摘　　要：从货币角度专门讨论历史上南北差异及整合问题的研究,较为缺乏。受前近代社会经济发展条件,统治疆域、族群之广袤多样,以及跨越时空金融技术构架缺乏等因素制约,传统中国的货币运行体制多呈现出一定的空间差异与南北分野。然而,由于统一疆域内的商贸活动、人员物资流动,加之国家推行的诸社会经济制度所具有的跨区整合特质,货币又有跨区融通、整合的内在趋势。北宋与明代为此提供了鲜明的写照和差异。北宋通过整合五代以来南北币制的分化,建立起较为统一的铜钱体制,并围绕铜钱标准打造、维持了一个跨越南北的货币—信用网络与运行系统,内在呈现着以政府主导为特色的他律性整合路径。明代通过整合元明之际南北及各地的货币差异,希望建立起统一的宝钞制度,然而宝钞由于内在制度缺失快速走向崩解,钱法也履兴难振,结果货币流通因政府失控呈现着空间分割化、南北差异化与地域自律化的趋向,其整合实际有赖于商贸发展推动的市场与金融组织的发育,内在呈现着以市场为主导的自律性整合路径。不过,整合程度在明代发展的较为有限,且地域自律性货币体制日益成为明清时期的主流。There have been relatively few studies that specifically discuss historical differences between North and South China,and the concerning integration issues from the monetary perspective.Restrained by such factors as the conditions of the pre-modern socio-economic development,the diversty of ruled territories and ethnic groups,and the lack of a financial-technical framework across time and space,the traditional Chinese monetary operation system often presented certain spatial differences and divisions between North and South China.However,currency also had an inherent trend of trans-regional circulation and integration,which was attributed to the commercial and trade activities,and personnel and material flows within the unified territory,as well as to the trans-regional integration characteristics of socio-economic systems implemented by the state.As to this difference and integration,the Northern Song and Ming Dynasties provided a distinct portrayal and contrast.The Northern Song Dynasty established a relatively unified system of copper coins by integrating the differentiation of the Northern and Southern menetary systems since the Five Dynasties.It built up and maintained a currency-credit network and operating system across North and South China around the criteria of copper coins,presenting a heteronomous integration path characterized by government predominance.The Ming Dynasty aimed to establish a unified system of paper money(宝钞)by integrating the currency differences between North and South China,and between various regions during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.However,due to the lack of an internal institution,the system of paper money quickly went to collapse,and the currency system also struggled to thrive but found it difficult to survive.As a result of the government's loss of control,the circulation of currency showed a trend of spatial segmentation,north-south differentiation,and regional autonomy.This integration actually depended on the growth of the market and financial organizations driven by

关 键 词：货币 南北 空间差异 整合 

分 类 号：F092.2[经济管理—政治经济学]