渭河流域关中段微塑料时空分布特征及其影响因素分析  

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of microplastics and their influencing factors in Guanzhong section of Weihe River Basin

作　　者：关明昌 干牧凡 车景璐 张妍 王丽娟 GUAN Mingchang;GAN Mufan;CHE Jinglu;ZHANG Yan;WANG Lijuan(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第12期14-26,共13页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42273056)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新型污染物已经引起了人们的广泛关注.目前,我国关于河流微塑料的研究热点主要在经济较为繁荣的地区,对于西北地区河流微塑料的研究相对较少.本研究以渭河流域关中段为研究对象,分析不同时期下微塑料丰度和形态特征,并探索了微塑料时空分布特征影响因素.结果表明:在不同水期,表层水中微塑料平均丰度为5.87 items·L^(-1)(枯水期)、3.67 items·L^(-1)(丰水期);沉积物中微塑料平均丰度为1.22×10^(3) items·kg^(-1)(枯水期)、5.81×10^(2) items·kg^(-1)(丰水期).且地表水和沉积物中MPs赋存形态都以小粒径(<0.5 mm)、纤维状、透明为主.粒径上,粒径较小的微塑料颗粒能更有效的留存在河流水体和沉积物;形状上,纤维状微塑料更容易留存在水体中,碎片状微塑料更容易沉积到沉积物中;颜色上,沉积物中微塑料的颜色更为丰富.在不同时期,纤维、<0.5 mm和透明微塑料密切相关,表明人为输入驱动的污染源是一致的.人类活动强度大的土地利用类型中微塑料丰度更高.丰水期微塑料丰度与第一、第二产业占比和人均可支配收入呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05);枯水期微塑料丰度与第一产业GDP呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05).本研究结果可为科学认识城市河流微塑料污染状况和特征,制定相关产业塑料管控措施提供一定的借鉴.As an emerging pollutant,microplastics(MPs)have attracted widespread attention.Research on river MPs in China has mainly focused on economically prosperous areas,with relatively few studies on river MPs in the Northwest China.This study takes Guanzhong section of the Weihe River Basin to analyze the abundance and morphological characteristics of MPs across different periods,and to explore the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of MPs.The results show that the average abundance of MPs in surface water was 5.87 items·L^(-1)during the dry season and 3.67 items·L^(-1)in the wet season,respectively.The average abundance of MPs in sediment was 1.22×10^(3) items·kg^(-1)in the dry season and 5.81×10^(2) items·kg^(-1)in the wet season,respectively.MPs in both surface water and sediment are mainly small(<0.5 mm),fibrous and transparent.Smaller MPs particles(<0.5 mm)can be more effectively retained in river water and sediments.Fibrous MPs are more likely to remain in water,while fragmented MPs are more likely to deposit into sediments.MPs in sediment exhibtied more varied colors compared to those in water.At different water periods,fibers smaller than 0.5 mm,are closely related to transparent MPs,indicating that human input is the main source of MP pollution.Among all land use types,farmland with high human activity intensity has the highest abundance of MPs.During the high-flow seasons,there is a significant positive correlation(p<0.05)between the abundance of MPs and the proportion of primary and secondary industries as well as per capita disposable income.In the low-flow seasons,there is a significant positive correlation(p<0.05)only between the abundance of MPs and the GDP of the primary industry.This study can provides a scientific basis for understanding of the status and characteristics of MP pollution in urban rivers and developing relevant plastic control measures.

关 键 词：微塑料 表层水 沉积物 形态特征 社会经济因素 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]