处理污水厂尾水的潜流人工湿地反硝化菌群分异特征  

The characterization of denitrifying bacterial communities in a vertical flow constructed wetlands treating tailwater

作　　者：曹金佼 陈建文[1] 石伟[1] 张红[2] 王爱一 李君剑[1] CAO Jinjiao;CHEN Jianwen;SHI Wei;ZHANG Hong;WANG Aiyi;LI Junjian(Institute of Loess Plateau,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;School of Environment and Resources,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;Shanxi Ecological Environment Monitoring and Emergency Protection Center(Shanxi Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences),Taiyuan 030051)

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006 [3]山西省生态环境监测和应急保障中心(山西省生态环境科学研究院),太原030051

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第12期68-77,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：山西省重点研发项目(No.202202090301008);国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(No.U22A20557);山西省自然科学基金(No.202303021211019)。

摘　　要：污水处理厂尾水人工湿地是一种常用的尾水处理方式,主要用于尾水中氮和磷的处理.反硝化细菌在水体氮的去除过程中发挥着重要作用,然而尾水湿地中的反硝化细菌群落结构和分异特征目前尚不明确.本文以山西省典型尾水潜流人工湿地为研究对象,通过采集湿地不同位置的沉积物,分析了沉积物中nir S型和nir K型反硝化细菌群落的丰度、结构及多样性变化,探讨了湿地反硝化菌群的分布特征及其关键影响因素.结果表明:湿地内沉积物nir S型反硝化细菌的多样性和丰富度高于nir K型反硝化细菌;湿地不同位置的沉积物具有不同类型的反硝化细菌群落特征,其中湿地入口与出口以nir S型反硝化细菌为主要类型,中后段以nir K型反硝化细菌为主要类型,反硝化细菌群落结构的变化主要受到NO_(3)^(-)-N、TP等环境因子的影响.沉积物中nir K型反硝化细菌主要以慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)为优势类群;nir S型反硝化菌属主要以假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、Sulfuritalea以及Dechloromonas等为优势类群.本研究结果对深刻理解污水处理厂尾水人工湿地中反硝化菌群特征,维护人工湿地稳定运行具有重要意义.Constructed wetland is a popular treatment method for the treatment of effluent from wastewater treatement plants,which is mainly used for reducing the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in tailwater.Denitrifying bacteria plays an important role in the removal of nitrogen from aquatic ecosystems.However,their community structure and spatial differentiation in tailwater wetlands are still unclear.The study was conducted in a typical tailwater constructed wetland in Shanxi Provinc to analyze.The abundance,structure and diversity changes of nir S-type and nir K-type denitrifying bacteria communities.Sediments at different locations in the wetland were collected,and the distribution characteristics of the denitrifying bacterial flora and its key influencing factors were explored.The results showed that the diversity and abundance of nir S-type denitrifying bacteria in sediments were higher than that of nir K-type denitrifying bacteria.Denitrifying bacteria community characteristics in sediments were different among different locations.The sediments in entrance and exit locations of the wetland were dominated by nir S-type denitrifying bacteria,and the sediments in middle and back locations were dominated by nir K-type denitrifying bacteria.The changes of denitrifying bacteria community structure were mainly influenced by environmental factors such as NO_(3)^(-)-N and TP.In the sediments,nir K-type denitrifying bacteria were mainly dominated by Bradyrhizobium,while nir S-type denitrifying bacteria were mainly dominated by Pseudomonas,Sulfuritalea,and Dechloromonas.The results of this study are of great significance to deeply understand the characteristics of denitrifying bacterial flora in a vertical flow constructed treating tailwater and to maintain the stable operation of the constructed wetland.

关 键 词：反硝化细菌 沉积物 尾水 人工湿地 群落组成 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]