东北典型工业城市冬春季大气降尘中重金属时空分布特征及来源解析  

Spatial-temporal distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric dust during winter and spring in a typical industrial city in Northeast China

作　　者：杨奇丽 王吉鑫 赵芷萱 YANG Qili;WANG Jixin;ZHAO Zhixuan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第12期240-248,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

摘　　要：对污染源进行解析是实现环境精准防治的关键策略.本研究选取东北典型工业城市—阜新市,以其冬春季节主城区大气降尘为研究对象,在冬季和春季期间共进行4次样品采集,得到64份大气降尘样品.采用反距离权重法(inverse distance weighted,IDW)和正矩阵因子分解(Positive matrix factorization,PMF)模型对降尘样品中重金属的空间分布特征与来源进行系统解析.研究结果表明,重金属平均浓度的排序依次为Zn>Cr>Cu>As>Pb>Cd,其浓度分别为1718.95、141.95、119.28、108.49、105.94、2.15 mg·kg^(-1),均超出当地土壤背景值,且地累积指数均超过轻度污染水平.在主城区西部地区As、Cr、Cu、Zn浓度显著高于其他区域,这一现象可能与该区域的工业生产活动紧密相关.同时Cd在西部和中部地区表现出明显富集,这与附近露天开采遗留矿坑以及煤矸石堆积有关,Pb污染主要分布在东北部区域.PMF模型分析显示,大气降尘中重金属的主要来源可以归纳为自然背景、工业生产、煤炭废弃物污染、交通运输以及燃料燃烧5个类别.结合反距离权重法中重金属的空间分布特征,进一步确定了Cr主要来自于自然背景,Cu主要来自于工业生产,Cd主要来自于煤炭废弃物污染,而Zn和Pb主要来源于交通运输,As则主要源于燃料燃烧.Pollution source analysis is a key strategy for accurate environmental prevention and control.We studied the dustfall in main urban area of Fuxin city,a representative industrial city in Northeast China,during the winter and spring seasons.A total of 64 dustfall samples were collected from16 sample sites in four periods.Base on the heavy metal content determination and geoaccumulation indices caculation,the inverse distance weighted(IDW)interpolation method and positive matrix factorization(PMF)model were uesed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and source.Firstly,Our research indicated that the average concentrations of heavy metals follow the order Zn>Cr>Cu>As>Pb>Cd,with respective concentrations of 1718.95,141.95,119.28,108.49,105.94,and 2.15 mg·kg^(-1).These concentrations exceed the local soil background values and geoaccumulation indices indicated that all of them were over the slight pollution level.In the western part of the main urban area,higher concentrations of As,Cr,Cu,and Zn were observed compared to other areas,which likely due to industrial activities.Significant enrichment of Cd in the western and central areas,may relative to the abandoned open-pit mines and coal gangue stacks.Pb pollution was predominantly found in the northeastern region.The PMF model analysis identified five main sources of heavy metals in atmospheric dustfall(natural background,industrial production,coal waste pollution,transportation,and fuel combustion).Combining Spatial distribution analysis IDW with PMF model results,we confirmed that Cr was from natural sources,Cu was from industrial activities,Cd was from coal waste,Zn and Pb were from transportation,and As was from fuel combustion.

关 键 词：大气降尘 重金属污染 来源解析 PMF模型 时空分布 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]