殡仪馆烟气净化系统除尘器捕集灰危险特性分析  

Hazardous characterization of captured ash in dust collector of funeral home smoke purification system

作　　者：罗雁莎 陈曦 邢啸林 刘浩然 钟晨 王玮 鲁琦 翟晓曼 LUO Yansha;CHEN Xi;XING Xiaoin;LIU Haoran;ZHONG Chen;WANG Wei;LU Qi;ZHAI Xiaoman(Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Ministry of Civil Affairs,101 Institute of Ministry of Civil Affairs,Beijing 100070;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control,National Research Center for Environment Analysis and Measurement,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]民政部一零一研究所,民政部污染控制重点实验室,北京100070 [2]国家环境分析测试中心,国家环境保护二噁英污染控制重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第12期328-337,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.118011000000160004)。

摘　　要：遗体火化和遗物祭品焚烧产生的大气污染排放受到严格限制,而对其烟气净化系统除尘器捕集灰的污染研究却相对较少.本研究选取了国内12家殡仪馆中28台火化炉和遗物祭品焚烧炉作为研究对象,检测了旋风除尘器和布袋除尘器捕集灰二噁英含量和浸出毒性水平,并进行危险特性分析.结果显示,捕集灰样品中二噁英毒性当量浓度范围为121.18~16446 ng·kg^(-1)(以TEQ计,下同),平均值为4290 ng·kg^(-1),多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)贡献率达72.4%,其中存在2个捕集灰样品二噁英总毒性当量超过危险废物鉴别标准限值(15000 ng·kg^(-1));存在12个样品中锌、镉或甲基汞浸出毒性水平超过危险废物鉴别标准限值,超标率为54.55%;新型微波遗体处置装置产生的捕集灰浸出毒性和二噁英毒性当量水平均显著低于传统火化炉.Atmospheric pollution emissions from the cremation of remains and the incineration of memorial offerings are strictly regulated,while research on the pollution captured by dust collectors in smoke purification systems is limited.This study selected 28 crematoriums and relic incinerators from 12 funeral homes in China as research subjects.The dioxin content and leaching toxicity levels in the dust collected by cyclone and bag dust collectors were examined,and hazard characteristics analysis was conducted.The results showed that the concentration of dioxin toxic equivalent quantity(TEQ)in the captured ash ranged from 121.18 ng·kg^(-1)to 16446 ng·kg^(-1),with an average value of 4290 ng·kg^(-1),and the contribution rate of polychlorinated dibenzo-furans(PCDFs)reached 72.4%,among which there were two captured ash samples whose total dioxin TEQs exceeded the identification criteria for hazardous waste(15000 ng·kg^(-1));there were 12 samples with Zn,Cd or methylmercury leaching toxicity levels exceeding the standard limits,with an exceedance rate of 54.55%;a new microwave-based human remains disposal device produced low levels of leaching toxicity and dioxin of captured ash.

关 键 词：殡仪馆 捕集灰 二噁英 浸出毒性 危险特性 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X705