巢湖流域生猪规模养殖碳氮足迹时空分析  

Spatio-temporal carbon and nitrogen footprints of large-scale pig farming in Chaohu Watershed

作　　者：朱慧敏 武慧君[1] 方维鑫 梅威 张宇 ZHU Huimin;WU Huijun;FANG Weixin;MEI Wei;ZHANG Yu(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学,地球与环境学院,淮南232001

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第12期403-414,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.72074003)。

摘　　要：基于环境足迹的方法,从生命周期的角度构建了生猪规模养殖的碳氮足迹模型,分析了巢湖流域1990—2020年生猪规模养殖碳足迹和氮足迹的时空特征.生猪养殖的生命周期主要考虑了饲料作物种植、饲料加工、养殖场养殖以及粪便管理.功能单位为每千克活重(kg LW)猪,分别计算了总碳氮足迹以及单位碳氮足迹.结果表明:巢湖流域生猪规模养殖总碳足迹从1990年的1501.5×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq快速下降至1995年的706.8×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq,又稍波动变化至2020年的607.1×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq;单位碳足迹从1990年的7.8 kg·kg^(-1)(以每千克活重产生的CO_(2)-eq计,下同)下降到2020年的2.5 kg·kg^(-1).总氮足迹从1990年的204.4×10^(6) kg Nr快速增长到2005年的359.8×10^(6) kg Nr,又总体下降至2020年的234.1×10^(6) kg Nr;单位氮足迹从1990年的119.0 g·kg^(-1)(以每千克活重产生的Nr计,下同)快速下降至2010年的99.3 g·kg^(-1),又上升到2020年的106.0g·kg^(-1).饲料作物生产和粪便管理分别是碳足迹和氮足迹的最大贡献者,分别为70%~91%和60%~72%.从空间上来看,流域西北部特别是肥东县生猪规模养殖的碳氮足迹明显高于东南部.最后提出了平衡施肥、精准喂养、提高粪便管理的技术、集约化饲养等措施建议,以实现流域生猪规模养殖的可持续发展.We used the environmental footprint method to develop a carbon and nitrogen footprint model of pig large-scale production from life-cycle perspective.We analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of both carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint for the large-scale pig production in Chaohu Watershed from 1990 to 2020.The life cycle of large-scale pig production encompasses the stages of feed crop production,feed processing,pig farming,and manure management.The functional unit(FU)is the weight of one kilogram of a live pig(LW).We evaluated both total footprints and unit footprints.The results indicated that the total carbon footprint of large-scale pig production in Chaohu Watershed decreased rapidly from 1501.5×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq in 1990 to 706.8×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq in 1995,followed by a slight fluctuation to 607.1×10^(6) kg CO_(2)-eq in 2020.The unit carbon footprint decreased from 7.8 kg·kg^(-1)in 1990 to 2.5 kg·kg^(-1)in 2020.While the total nitrogen footprint increased rapidly from 204.4×10^(6) kg Nr in 1990 to 359.8×10^(6) kg Nr in 2005,and then decreased to 234.1×10^(6) kg Nr in 2020.The unit nitrogen footprint decreased rapidly from 119.0 g·kg^(-1)in 1990 to 99.3 g·kg^(-1)in 2010,and then increased to 106.0 g·kg^(-1)in 2020.Feed crop production contributed the largest carbon footprint(70%~91%)and manure management contributed the largest nitrogen footprint(60%~72%).Both carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint of large-scale pig production in the northwest of the watershed,especially in Feidong County,were significantly higher than those in the southeast of the watershed.Finally,we put forward some recommendations to achieve sustainable development in large-scale pig production within the watershed.These include balancing fertilizer,feeding scientifically,improving manure management,and feeding intensively.

关 键 词：生猪规模养殖 生命周期评价 碳足迹 氮足迹 巢湖流域 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]