基于P、z分量Radon变换和非稳态自适应相减的OBN横波噪声压制  

OBN shear wave noise suppression based on P and z component Radon transform and unsteady adaptive subtraction

作　　者：李默言 黄旭日[1,2] 史云燕 陈永灿 黎孟承 LI Moyan;HUANG Xuri;SHI Yunyan;CHEN Yongcan;LI Mengcheng(School of Geoscience and Technology,SouthWest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;State Key Laboratory of Reservoir Geology and Development Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Oil and Gas Geology and Exploration,SouthWest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [3]西南石油大学油气地质与勘探国家级实验教学示范中心,四川成都610500 [4]天府永兴实验室,四川成都610213

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第6期1280-1285,共6页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“莺琼盆地中深层异常温压地震岩石物理理论及综合智能储层预测方法研究”(U20B2016);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于分布式光纤声感技术和交通噪声波场干涉机理的近地表复杂介质成像方法研究”(4217040814);国家自然科学基金重点项目“羌塘盆地格架及沉积结构地球物理成像理论与识别技术研究”(42241206)联合资助。

摘　　要：在OBN地震采集中,检波器与海底耦合问题经常导致陆检z分量接收到横波噪声。横波噪声对OBN数据的处理、成像、解释、油藏监测均带来严重干扰,而且横波噪声的频带、曲率与有效信号非常相似,难以用常规方法有效压制。为此,提出了一种基于抛物线Radon变换和非稳态自适应相减的OBN横波噪声压制方法。首先,将OBN数据的P分量和z分量数据通过抛物线Radon变换从时空域变换到τ-q域,利用横波噪声与反射信号传播速度的差别,在τ-q域尽可能分离横波噪声和一次波;其次,通过非稳态自适应相减算法的高度灵活性,从包含横波噪声的z分量数据中去除P分量中的反射信号成分,提取横波噪声;最后,将提取的横波噪声分量变换回时空域,并从原始z分量数据中去除横波噪声,实现消除噪声的同时,尽可能保护地震数据中的反射信号。实际资料的处理结果证明,该方法能有效压制OBN数据的横波噪声,提高地震资料的信噪比。In OBN seismic data acquisition,the coupling between the geophones and the seafloor often leads to the fact that the z-component of the land inspection receives shear wave noise.Shear wave noise seriously interferes with the subsequent processing,imaging,interpretation,and reservoir monitoring of OBN data.Besides,the frequency band and curvature of the shear wave noise are very similar to the effective signal,which is difficult to suppress through conventional methods.Therefore,an OBN shear wave noise suppression method based on parabolic Radon transform and unsteady adaptive subtraction is proposed.Firstly,this method transforms the P-component and z-component data of the OBN data into theτ-q domain through the parabolic Radon transform method and utilizes the difference in propagation speed between the shear wave noise and the rflected signal to separate shear wave noise and effective wave as much as possible in theτ-q domain.Secondly,the shear wave noise is extracted by removing the reflected signal component in the P-component from the z-component data containing the shear wave noise through the high flexibility of the unsteady adaptive subtraction algorithm.Finally,the extracted shear wave noise is transformed back to the spatio-temporal domain and removed from the original z-component data.The reflected signal in the recorded data is preserved as much as possible while realizing the elimination of noise.Processing results of actual data demonstrate that this method can effectively suppress the shear wave noise in OBN data and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.

关 键 词：OBN采集 RADON变换 横波噪声 非稳态滤波 自适应相减 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]