提高黄土山地三维地震资料信噪比和分辨率的保真处理方法  

Fidelity processing methods for improving signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of 3D seismic data in loess mountainous landforms

作　　者：李斐 许磊明[1,2] 李美 陈娟[1,2] 黄黎刚[1,2] 吴朦朦[1,2] LI Fei;XU Leiming;LI Mei;CHEN Juan;HUANG Ligang;WU Mengmeng(National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil&Gas Fields,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710018,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Co.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室,陕西西安710018 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第6期1297-1304,共8页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油股份公司重大科技专项“鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油勘探开发理论与关键技术研究”(2021DJ1806)资助。

摘　　要：黄土山地地表条件复杂、干扰强,表层介质非均质性强,同时受表层巨厚黄土吸收衰减影响,出现地震资料信噪比低、主频低、频带窄等问题。经叠前保真噪声衰减处理和叠前时间偏移后的叠加数据仍存在随机噪声及散射干扰,制约了薄储层的预测精度。业界通常采用F-XY域四维去噪+叠后零相位反褶积方法提高信噪比、分辨率,笔者则采用F-X域Cadzow滤波实现三维叠后数据的散射干扰及随机噪声同步压制,在此基础上利用连续小波变换方法提高分辨率。各处理环节中,应用噪声剖面、F-K谱、振幅谱、时间切片、分频扫描、井震标定等多种质控手段确保参数的合理选择。该套处理方法具有良好的保真性,可为后续反演、属性分析等环节提供良好的数据基础。The surface condition of loess mountainous landforms is complex,the disturbance is strong,and the surface medium is heterogeneous.At the same time,due to the absorption attenuation of the surface thick loess,some problems have emerged in seismic data such as low signal-to-noise ratio,low main frequency,and narrow frequency band.After pre-stack fidelity noise attenuation processing,there are still random noise and scattering interference in the stack data after the pre-stack time migration,which restrict the precision accuracy of thin reservoirs.The proposed method in this paper breaks through the processing methods commonly employed in the industry to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by four-dimensional de-noising in the RXY domain and post-stack zero-phase de-convolution methods.In this paper,the method of Cadzow filtering in the FX domain is employed to realize the synchronous suppression of scattering interference and random noise of 3D post-stack data.On this basis,continuous wavelet transform is adopted to improve the resolution.Various quality control methods are applied in each processing link to ensure the reasonable selection of parameters,including noise profile,F-K spectrum,amplitude spectrum,time slicing,frequency division scanning,and well seismic calibration.The processing methods have good fidelity and can provide a good data basis for subsequent inversion and attribute analysis.

关 键 词：随机噪声 散射干扰 F-X域Cadzow滤波 连续小波变换 保真度 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]