查处“私对公行贿”违法行为面临的困境及其破解——兼论监察法规相关规定的修改方向  

Challenges and Solutions in Addressing“Private-to-Public Bribery”:with a Reflection on the Amendment Direction of the Supervision Law

作　　者：金鸿浩 JIN Honghao(Anti-Corruption Research Center,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学廉政研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《廉政文化研究》2024年第5期65-76,共12页Anti-corruption and Integrity Culture Studies

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题(GJ2023C16);北京化工大学研究生教改项目(GJGSZ202305)。

摘　　要：在深入推进国家监察体制改革中,监察机关作为行使国家监察权的专责机关,应当坚持“无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍”的反腐败工作原则,建立完善集中高效的反腐败体制机制。针对当前非公职人员向公职人员“私对公行贿”违法行为追责的法律漏洞,应当将其明确纳入监察机关的职权范围和监察法规修改完善的方向。一方面,应进一步完善监察调查权,优化行贿违法行为的调查程序,对非公职人员的行贿人等涉案人员参考被调查人的调查程序进行立案调查,但对只涉嫌违法不涉嫌犯罪的非公职人员原则上不应采取留置措施。另一方面,对监察处置权进行必要扩展,应当通过法律或监察法规等形式增设对非国家工作人员行贿人的监察处罚权,除《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第207条已经规定的对行贿人名誉罚外,还应当科学设置罚款等财产罚,并明确罚款规则,以增加行贿行为的经济违法成本,最大限度遏制行贿违法犯罪行为的发生。With ongoing reforms in the national supervision system,it is imperative that supervisory organs,as the designated agencies exercising state oversight,uphold the anti-corruption principles of zero blind spots,comprehensive reach,and zero tolerance to develop and refine a centralized and effective anti-corruption framework.Addressing the legal gaps concerning the accountability of individual citizens who offer bribes to public officials—a practice known as“private-to-public bribery”—must be progressively integrated into the purview and reform agenda of supervisory bodies.On one hand,there is a necessity to further refine and strengthen the investigative powers of the supervisory authorities,optimizing the investigative procedures for bribery offenses,with non-public official individuals involved in bribery,such as bribe-givers,to be subject to case-filing investigations with reference to the investigation procedures for officials being investigated.However,in principle,retention measures should not be taken against non-public officials who are suspected only of illegal acts but not crimes.On the other hand,it is crucial to expand the supervisory disposal power as needed.This should be achieved by adding,through laws or supervisory regulations,the power to impose supervisory penalties on bribe-givers who are not state employees.In addition to the reputational penalty for bribe-givers stipulated in Article 207 of the Implementing Regulations of the Supervisory Law of the People’s Republic of China,fines and other property-related penalties should also be scientifically established,with clear rules on fines,in order to increase the economic cost of bribery and maximize the suppression of bribery offenses.

关 键 词：“私对公行贿” 违法行为 监察调查 监察处罚 

分 类 号：D630.9[政治法律—政治学]