杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式构建  

Construction of Full-cycle Oriented Cultivation Technology Model for Large-diameter Timber of Chinese Fir

作　　者：段爱国[1,2] 李晓燕 肖复明[3] 黄开勇[4] 孙洪刚[5] 张伟东[6] 陈琴[4] 宋晓琛[3] 张建国[1,2] DUAN Ai-guo;LI Xiao-yan;XIAO Fu-ming;HUANG Kai-yong;SUN Hong-gang;ZHANG Wei-dong;CHEN Qin;SONG Xiao-chen;ZHANG Jian-guo(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;The Southern National Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China;Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Fuyang 311400,Zhejiang,China;Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330032 [4]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [5]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [6]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2024年第6期12-22,共11页Forest Research

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“杉木用材林定向培育技术研究(2021YFD2201301)”。

摘　　要：[目的]构建适用于不同产区的杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式。[方法]基于40余年杉木密度试验林固定样地及不同产区临时样地的1044块样地调查资料,系统考虑“造林-营林-收获”等3个育林阶段,分析确定立地指数、初植密度、首次间伐林龄、保留密度、主伐林龄、材种收获量等6项大径材林分培育关键参数。[结果]立地指数越高,初植密度越低,越有利于林分大径材形成,且作用效果呈增长趋势,杉木大径材培育适宜立地指数范围应为16指数级及其以上立地,适宜初植密度范围可设计为1667~3333株·hm^(-2);可按林分每公顷总断面积达23 m^(2)·hm^(-2)时的林龄确定林分首次间伐时间;保留密度过低难以实现预期的大径材出材量,而过高的保留密度则会降低林分大径材出材率,根据同时满足双标准(大径材出材率达50%以上;大径材出材量达200 m^(3)·hm^(-2)以上)确定的林分保留密度与立地指数级的关系,即可确定一定立地指数级林分的保留密度;根据不同立地指数级的林分大径材出材率与林龄的关系模型,代入大径材出材率=50%,得到不同指数级立地相应的参考主伐林龄,进而构建这一系列主伐林龄值与相应立地指数级的关系式,可确定一定立地指数级林分的主伐林龄;引入立地指数和林分密度的Richards函数可对林分胸径、大径材出材量、大径材出材率和总蓄积等收获因子实现良好预估,预测精度接近或高于80%。[结论]构建了“三阶段-六确定”杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式,可为杉木大径材林、速丰林及国储林基地建设提供科学支撑。[Objective]The purpose of this study is to establish a full-cycle oriented cultivation technology model for Chinese fir large-diameter timber that can be applied in different producing areas.[Method]Based on survey data from 1044 sample plots,including temporary plots in different Chinese fir production sites and permanent plots of the Chinese fir spacing trial more than 40 years,six key elements of large-diameter timber cultivation—site index,initial planting density,first thinning time,retention density,rotation age,and timber yield—were analyzed and determined considering the three stages of afforestation,silviculture,and harvest.[Result]The production of large-diameter timber was found to be more favorable with greater site index and lower initial planting density.For the cultivation of Chinese fir large-diameter timber,the suitable stands should be site index with more than 16 and planting density with 1667~3333 trees·hm^(-2).When the total basal area reaches 23 m^(2)·hm^(-2),the stand age could be used to determine the stand's first thinning period of time.The retention density of a stand with a certain site class could be determined by the double criteria that large-diameter timber outturn rate is more than 50%and large-diameter timber outturn is more than 200 m^(3)·hm^(-2),and the site class requirement.According to the relationship model between the large-diameter timber outturn rate and the stand age under different site classes,the outturn rate of largediameter timber=50%was substituted to obtain the corresponding reference rotation age of different site classes,and then the relationship between these values of rotation age and the corresponding site classes was constructed,allowing the rotation age of a stand with a specific site class to be determined.The Richards function,including factors of site index and stand density,could have good performances on predicting DBH,large-diameter timber outturn,large-diameter timber outturn rate and total stand stocking,and the prediction accuracy was close

关 键 词：杉木 大径材 全周期 定向培育 技术模式 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]