刍议我国燕麦产业发展新动态、面临新挑战及新对策  

New Trends,Challenges and Countermeasures of Oat Industry in China

作　　者：徐丽君[1] 韩春燕 李建忠 柳茜 陶雅[4] 徐树花 朱孟 XU Li-jun;HAN Chun-yan;LI Jian-zhong;LIU Qian;TAO Ya;XU Shu-hua;ZHU Meng(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Beijing 100081,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Wuyuan County,Bayan Nur,Inner Mongolia 015100,China;Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Xichang,Sichuan Province 615402,China;Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Yunnan Huize County High Quality Agricultural Products Development Co.,Ltd.,Qujing,Yunnan Provonce 654200,China)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081 [2]内蒙古五原县农业技术推广中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015100 [3]四川省凉山彝族自治州农业科学院,四川西昌615402 [4]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [5]云南省会泽县优质农产品开发有限责任公司,云南曲靖654200

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第12期3661-3669,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(干旱半干旱区优质饲草节水增产增效技术集成与示范);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFDZ0019);中国工程院咨询项目(2024-XZ-83);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Cars-34)共同资助。

摘　　要：近几年,国家连续出台了较多扶持燕麦种植的政策,受政策鼓励和市场拉动,燕麦(Avena sitiva L.)产业出现了新的发展态势,主要表现为:1)扶持政策不断完善,基础地位不断夯实;2)种植规模不断扩大,燕麦草商品率不断提高;3)产业链不断完善,外包服务组织逐渐壮大;4)智能化生产程度不断提升,数字化管理水平进步显著;5)“三闲田”(春闲田、秋闲田、冬闲田)种植模式呈多样化发展,规模化生产已成常态。尽管燕麦产业发展势头强劲,但也面临着诸多新的困难和挑战,一方面是燕麦种质资源创新利用不足;二是受耕地和水资源的约束更加趋紧;三是燕麦种植基础薄弱;四是优质燕麦供需矛盾依然存在。面对国家扶持燕麦产业发展的力度不断增强和市场的强力拉动,首先应树立大食物观,把燕麦纳入畜牧业生产要素中,坚持综合施策;其次要整合科技资源,提升燕麦种质资源利用率,加大燕麦新品种的创新力度;最后要优化资源配置,扭转燕麦种植用耕地难用水难局面,强化“三闲田”燕麦利用,扩大燕麦种植面积。In recent years,the Chinese government has continuously introduced policies to support oat cultivation.Encouraged by these policies and driven by market demand,the oat(Avena sativa L.)industry has experienced new developments,characterized by:1)Increasingly refined support policies and a continually solidifying foundational status;2)Expanding planting scale and rising commercial rates of oat grass;3)Improving industry chains and the growing strength of outsourcing service organizations;4)Enhanced levels of intelligent production and significant advancements in digital management;5)Diversified planting models for the“three idle fields”(spring fallow fields,autumn fallow fields,winter fallow fields),with large-scale production becoming the norm.Despite the strong momentum of the oat industry,it faces several new challenges:insufficient innovation and utilization of oat germplasm resources;increasing constraints from arable land and water resources;a weak foundation for oat cultivation;and persistent contradictions between the supply and demand of high-quality oats.In response to the increasing national support and strong market demand for oat industry development,it is essential to first adopt a comprehensive food strategy by incorporating oats into livestock production elements and implementing integrated measures.Secondly,technology resources should be consolidated to enhance the utilization of oat germplasm resources and increase the innovation of new oat varieties.Finally,resource allocation should be optimized to address issues of limited arable land and water resources for oat cultivation,strengthen the utilization of oats in the“three idle fields”,and expand the planting area of oats.

关 键 词：燕麦 三闲田 大食物观 撂荒地 盐碱地 沙地 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]