人力资本扩张与外资进入  

Human Capital Expansion and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows

作　　者：林涛 冼国明[2] 黄玖立[3] 郭娟娟 LIN Tao;XIAN Guoming;HUANG Jiuli;GUO Juanjuan

机构地区：[1]集美大学财经学院 [2]南开大学经济学院 [3]南开大学跨国公司研究中心、经济行为与政策模拟实验室 [4]上海社会科学院世界经济研究所 [5]上海WTO事务咨询中心

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第11期159-174,共16页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“双向直接投资赋能国内国际双循环:动力机制与实现路径研究”(22JJD790038);教育部哲学社会科学实验室专项基金项目“更宽领域开放促进国内国际双循环的理论基础、经验证据与实践策略”(H0123707);福建省创新战略研究计划项目“人力资本促进制造业服务化高质量发展的机制与效应研究”(2022R0050);福建省社会科学基金青年项目“福建自贸区制度型开放与融入全国统一大市场联动机制研究”(FJ2022C094)。

摘　　要：人力资本作为比较优势的源泉,是国际资本承载技术跨国流动的重要原因。本文运用双重差分法考察了人力资本扩张对外资升级的影响。研究结果表明,人力资本扩张有助于外资进入技术密集型行业。人力资本扩张政策改变了行业的人力资本结构,增强了技术吸收的能力,通过提升生产率、降低用工成本和增进盈利水平三个路径改善技术密集型行业的经营条件,促进外资向中高端行业跃升。异质性分析发现,这一作用对西部企业和外商投资企业效果更为凸显。此外,人力资本有助于优化外资结构,促进外资企业融入国内国际双循环,并带动制造业整体产业结构向中高端迈进。本研究为高质量吸引外资,发展壮大先进制造业和高新技术产业,推动产业链转型升级,提供了重要的政策启示。Human capital,a key source of comparative advantage,drives the trans-national flow of international capital bearing technology.This paper employs the differ-ence-in-differences method to examine how human capital expansion influences foreign direct investment(FDI)upgrading.The findings indicate that human capital expansion attracts FDI to technology-intensive sectors.The policy of human capital expansion has re-shaped the human capital structure of the industry,strengthened technology absorption ca-pacity,and improved the operating environment of technology-intensive sectors through productivity gains,reduced labor costs,and increased profitability.These factors have collectively propelled FDI towards medium-end and high-end industries.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect is more prominent for enterprises in the western regions and foreign investment enterprises.Moreover,human capital optimizes FDI structures,in-tegrates foreign enterprises into domestic and international markets,and advances the overall manufacturing industrial structure towards medium and high ends.This study pro-vides important policy insights for high-quality FDI attraction,fostering international ad-vanced manufacturing and high-tech industries,and promoting industrial chain transforma-tion and upgrading.

关 键 词：人力资本 高校扩招 外资 产业升级 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学]