考虑旅客出行特征的高铁灵活车票设置方法研究  

Flexible Ticket Setting Method for High-speed Railway Considering Passenger Travel Characteristics

作　　者：刘斌[1,2] 马超凡 田志强[1,2] 李鑫杰 LIU Bin;MA Chaofan;TIAN Zhiqiang;LI Xinjie(School of Traffic and Transportation,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Plateau Railway Transportation Intelligent Management and Control,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学交通运输学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2024年第6期242-253,共12页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72161023,71761023);高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室开放课题(GYYSHZ2302)。

摘　　要：针对高速铁路平行车次间客流需求分布不均衡问题,为缓解标杆车次输送压力,提高客票整体收益及席位利用率,本文提出考虑旅客出行特征的灵活车票设置方法。灵活车票是一种全新的票制形式,价格较低且在出售时只确定备选车次集合,具体车次和席位延迟到发车前的某个时间兑现。将旅客出发时段偏好及灵活车票延迟兑现的时间价值两种因素融入旅客广义费用函数中,在构造需求弹性函数基础上,引入旅客选择行为模型,对各列车的客流分摊率进行估值。选取部分列车在特定OD对出售灵活车票,构建以客票收益最大化为目标的激活兑现模型,选择不同百分比阶段下非备选车次及备选车次在各OD对的票额作为决策变量,设置席位资源限制、列车服务区段限制、灵活车票激活兑现等约束,采用COPT(Cardinal Optimizer)进行求解。为验证该设置方法的可行性及有效性,选取京沪高铁部分列车进行案例分析。结果表明:百分比阶段划分法可以从供需匹配的角度量化客票销售过程,不受时空因素和旅客到达概率等因素的干扰,处理灵活车票的激活兑现问题的适配性高;灵活车票的票价折扣、同一百分比阶段灵活车票的占比系数、激活兑现百分比阶段均是影响客票最终收益的关键因素;适当增加灵活车票的激活兑现次数能够更进一步提高客票收益,在单点兑现激活条件下,收益最高提升4.84%,在双点兑现激活条件下,收益最高提升5.38%。Considering the unbalanced passenger flow distribution between parallel high-speed trains,this paper proposes a flexible ticketing method that considers passenger travel characteristics to alleviate pressure on benchmark train transport and to enhance overall ticket revenue and seat utilization rates.Flexible ticket is a new form of ticket system with lower prices and only a set of alternative train numbers are determined when sold,which has specific train numbers and seats being redeemed at a certain time before train departure.The departure time preference of passenger and the time value of flexible ticket delays are integrated into the passenger's choice of the generalized cost function.Based on the demand elasticity function,this paper introduces a passenger selection behavior model to evaluate the passenger flow allocation rate of each train.The model selects certain trains to offer flexible tickets on specific origindestination(OD)routes and develops an activation and cash model aimed at maximizing ticket revenue.The ticket allocation between non-alternative and alternative trains on each OD route is determined at various percentage stages as the decision variable.The model constrains include seat availability,train service section limitations and flexible ticket activation and redemption,which are established and resolved using Cardinal Optimizer(COPT).This paper used several trains on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway to verify the model feasibility and effectiveness.The results indicate that the proposed method can quantify the ticket sales process from the supply and demand matching,which is not affected by spatiotemporal factors and passenger arrival probability.The method has high adaptability in the activation and redemption problem of flexible tickets.The discount of flexible tickets,the proportion coefficient of flexible tickets in the same percentage stage,the activation percentage stage,are key factors affecting the final return of passenger tickets.Properly increasing the activation and re

关 键 词：交通运输经济 收益管理 高速铁路 灵活车票 席位存量控制 COPT 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]