林火扰动后次生白桦林下重引入落叶松种子萌发的影响因素  

Influencing Factors the Reintroduction of Larix gmelinii Seed Germination Under Secondary Betula platyphylla Forest After Fire Disturbance

作　　者：唐慧敏 宋晓倩 金鹭 施宇 关鑫[1] 陈嘉琦 张衷华[1] 唐中华[1] Tang Huimin;Song Xiaoqian;Jin Lu;Shi Yu;Guan Xin;Chen Jiaqi;Zhang Zhonghua;Tang Zhonghua(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第2期9-15,24,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1300502);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021C003)。

摘　　要：在黑龙江省大兴安岭地区漠河市西南部林火干扰后林地,选择5种不同经营措施形成的林分类型——(1)白桦纯林,(2)存在落叶松幼苗更新的白桦林,(3)主林层为白桦、副林层为落叶松的白桦林,(4)落叶松-白桦混交林,(5)落叶松纯林;每种林分类型设置4个60 m×60 m的试验区,每个试验区4角设立4个20 m×20 m模拟自然落种的样地;在种子重引入试验区样地分别模拟4种种子与地表接触方式——直接播种(模拟种子与凋落物层接触)、去除凋落物层播种(模拟种子与土表接触)、穴状破土播种(模拟种子与穴状破土土壤接触)、条状破土播种(模拟种子与条状破土土壤接触),于2022年10月初地表积雪覆盖前播种。测定样地灌木和草本的植物种名、植株(丛)数量,测量样方凋落物厚度,调查每个播种区域落叶松种子出苗情况,计算5种林型灌木层和草本层物种多样性指数——马加利夫丰富度指数(Margalef richness index)、辛普森优势度指数(Simpson index)、香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener index)、皮卢均匀度指数(Pielou’s evenness index);采用单因素方差分析法(One-Way ANOVE)、最小显著性差异法(LSD)、皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析法,分析播种方式(种子与地表接触方式)、林分类型、植物多样性对种子萌发率的影响。结果表明:穴状破土和条状破土显著提高种子萌发率,不同林分类型对种子萌发率的影响不显著。穴状破土播种的种子萌发率,与灌木种数量、灌木马加利夫丰富度指数、香农-威纳多样性指数、皮卢均匀度指数均呈显著正相关,与草本种数量、白桦占比呈显著负相关;条状破土播种的种子萌发率,与草本盖度、凋落物厚度、皮卢均匀度指数呈显著正相关,与草本香农-威纳多样性指数、辛普森优势度指数呈显著负相关;去除凋落物层后播种的种子萌发率,与乔木种数量呈显著正相关。In the southwestern part of Mohe City in the Daxing’anling region of Heilongjiang Province,following fire disturbance,we selected five types of forest stands formed by different management practices:(1)pure Betula platyphylla forest,(2)B.platyphylla forest with the regeneration of Larix gmelinii seedlings,(3)B.platyphylla forest with a main canopy of B.platyphylla and a secondary layer of L.gmelinii,(4)mixed forest of L.gmelinii and B.platyphylla,and(5)pure L.gmelinii forest.For each forest stand type,four experimental plots of 60 m×60 m were established,with four sampling sites of 20 m×20 m set at the corners of each experimental area to simulate natural seed dispersal.In the seed reintroduction experimental plots,we simulated four different seed-soil contact methods:direct seeding(simulating seed contact with the litter layer),sowing after removing the litter layer(simulating seed contact with the soil surface),hole-shaped soil breaking seeding(simulating seed contact with hole-shaped soil breaking),and strip-shaped soil breaking seeding(simulating seed contact with strip-shaped soil breaking seeding),with sowing conducted in early October 2022 before snow cover occurred.We recorded the plant species and the number of individuals(clumps)for shrubs and herbaceous plants in the sampling plots,measured the thickness of the litter layer,and surveyed the germination status of L.gmelinii seeds in each sowing area.We calculated the species diversity indices for the shrub and herb layers of the five forest types,including the Margalef richness index,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou’s evenness index.One-Way ANOVA,Least Significant Difference(LSD),and Pearson correlation analyses were employed to assess the effects of sowing method(seed-soil contact method),forest type,and plant diversity on seed germination rates.The results showed that the hole-shaped and strip-shaped soil breaking significantly increased seed germination rates,whereas the influence of different forest stand types on seed g

关 键 词：火烧迹地 森林更新 白桦 落叶松 种子萌发 大兴安岭 

分 类 号：S754.5[农业科学—森林经理学]