常绿阔叶林壳斗科植物的空间分布格局及其影响因素  

The Spatial Distribution Patterns of Fagaceae Plants in Evergreen Broadleaf Forests and Their Influencing Factors

作　　者：柏爱琴 陈韬 罗应华[1] 李嘉亮 Bai Aiqin;Chen Tao;Luo Yinghua;Li Jialiang(Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学,南宁530004

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第2期75-85,共11页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2021JJA130126);广西林草种质资源普查与收集(桂林科字[2021]第34号)。

摘　　要：以广西壮族自治区的十万大山、花坪、岑王老山国家级自然保护区为研究区域,设置9个100 m×100 m固定样地,将每个样地划分为25个20 m×20 m的样方,再将样方划分为16个5 m×5 m的小样方;采用空间代替时间(即径级结构代替树龄结构)的方法,用胸径(D_(BH))将壳斗科(Fagaceae)树种个体划分为小树(1.0 cm≤D_(BH)<5.0 cm)、中树(5.0 cm≤D_(BH)<20.0 cm)、大树(D_(BH)≥20.0 cm)3个径级阶段;选取样地中胸径D_(BH)≥1.0 cm的所有壳斗科个体为研究对象,进行每木检尺,记录树种名称,测定胸径、树高、冠幅、枝下高等测树因子以及每棵树的位置坐标;以空间聚集程度为评价指标,以海拔、经度、纬度、年降水量、春季降水、夏季降水、年均温、年均最高温、年均最低温、1月份均温、7月份均温为影响因素,采用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验法(Kruskal-Wallis test,K-W检验)、Ripley L函数结合完全随机模型(CSR)、线性回归分析方法、皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析法,分析壳斗科不同径级树种的空间分布格局及各因素对其分布的影响。结果表明:①壳斗科小树、中树、整个类群的分布格局主要是聚集分布,而大树主要表现为随机分布;随径级的增加,壳斗科树种的聚集程度由大到小依次为小树、中树、整体、大树。②小树、中树、整个类群在10 m空间尺度上的聚集程度(L_(10)),与年降水、年均温、年均最高温、年均最低温、1月份均温、7月份均温均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且小树阶段的空间聚集程度更易受气温、降水的影响;大树的聚集程度(L_(10)),与年均温、年均最高温、年均最低温、1月份均温均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);壳斗科各径级树种的聚集程度,与纬度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与海拔呈负相关。壳斗科树种的空间分布格局主要受扩散限制和气候因素的影响,并且不同径级树种与同一气候因子间的相关性趋势一致,但程度�The study area was set in the Shiwanda Mountain,Huaping,and Cengwanglao Mountain national nature reserves in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Nine fixed plots measuring 100 m×100 m were established,each divided into 25 subplots of 20 m×20 m,which were further divided into 16 small subplots of 5 m×5 m.Using the space-for-time substitution method(i.e.,size-class structure replacing age structure),individuals of Fagaceae species were categorized into three size classes based on diameter at breast height(D_(BH)):small trees(1.0 cm≤D_(BH)<5.0 cm),medium trees(5.0 cm≤D_(BH)<20.0 cm),and large trees(D_(BH)≥20.0 cm).All Fagaceae individuals with D_(BH)≥1.0 cm in the plots were selected as the research subjects.For each tree,measurements were taken,including species name,D_(BH),tree height,crown width,height under the branch,and the positional coordinates of each tree were also recorded.Spatial aggregation was evaluated using altitude,longitude,latitude,annual precipitation,spring precipitation,summer precipitation,annual average temperature,annual maximum temperature,annual minimum temperature,January average temperature,and July average temperature as influencing factors.Various statistical methods were employed,including the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test),Ripley’s L function in conjunction with a Complete Spatial Randomness(CSR)model,linear regression analysis,and Pearson correlation analysis,to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of different size classes of Fagaceae and the effects of the influencing factors.The results showed that:(1)The distribution patterns of small trees,medium trees,and the overall group of Fagaceae predominantly exhibited clustered distribution,while large trees displayed random distribution.The degree of aggregation decreased with size class,in the order of small trees,medium trees,the overall group,and large trees.(2)The aggregation degree(L_(10))of small trees,medium trees,and the overall group at a spatial scale of 10 m was significantly positively correlated with annu

关 键 词：常绿阔叶林 壳斗科植物 空间分布格局 扩散限制 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]