校园绿色空间缓解大学生心理压力的作用途径——以空间恢复性为中介的研究  

The Path to Relieve Psychological Stress of College Students by Green Space on Campus:A Study Mediated by Spatial Restoration

作　　者：任静 牛佳琦 秦红巧 韩贵锋[1,2] 闫杰 REN Jing;NIU Jiaqi;QIN Hongqiao;HAN Guifeng;YAN Jie

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室/自然资源部国土空间规划监测评估预警重点实验室,重庆400044 [3]陕西理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,汉中723001

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第11期110-116,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978091);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023CDJKYJH099)。

摘　　要：在学习、生活和就业压力的多重影响下,当代大学生的心理健康状况不容乐观,心理压力问题亟待缓解。大量研究已经证实校园绿色空间能较好地缓解压力,促进心理健康。然而两者之间的相关关系尚未完全明确,可能存在其他变量在两者之间产生中介效应。选择重庆大学校园内6个典型绿色空间为研究对象,探讨7种环境特征与学生心理压力缓解之间的关系,以空间恢复性为中介构建路径分析模型解释环境特征缓解学生心理压力的作用路径。结果表明:1)天空开阔度和树种丰富度均对压力缓解有促进作用,水体占比有抑制作用,绿视率和色彩丰富度既有促进作用也有抑制作用;2)天空开阔度、水体占比、绿视率、树种丰富度和色彩丰富度均为间接减压路径,最佳减压路径为树种丰富度→延展性→压力缓解;3)色彩丰富度对男生的减压效果比女生大,绿视率和水体占比对女生的减压效果比男生好;色彩丰富度和绿视率对理工科学生的减压效果优于文科学生。研究结果可为校园绿色空间规划设计与空间营造提供理论参考,以更好地促进学生心理健康。The mental health of most college students is negative due to the multiple pressures of academics,life,and employment.The problem of psychological stress has been widely concerned and needs to be resolved immediately.Numerous studies have confirmed that campus green spaces are better at relieving stress and promoting mental health.However,the relevant relationship between them has not been fully clarified,and there may be other variables that mediate the effect between them.Six typical green spaces in Chongqing University were selected to explore the relationship between seven environmental characteristics and students'psychological stress relief.A path analysis model mediated by spatial restoration is established to explain the paths for environmental characteristics relieving students'psychological stress.The results show that:1)both sky view factor(SVF)and tree species diversity(TSD)could facilitate stress relief,the proportion of water area(WAP)has inhibition effects,and visual green index(VGI)and color richness(CR)have both facilitation and inhibiting effects;2)SVF,WAP,VGI,TSD,and CR could reduce stress indirectly,and the most effective path is TSD extent stress relief;3)CR can reduce stress more greatly for males than females,while VGI and WAP can reduce stress more effectively for females than males,and CR and VGI have better effects for science students than art students.The results can provide a theoretical reference for planning and designing to improve students'mental health in the green spaces on campus.

关 键 词：风景园林 绿色空间 心理压力 空间恢复性 路径分析 大学校园 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]