防旱排涝,漕灌兼顾:水利史视野下关中农业景观的变迁与展望  

Drought and Flood Control,Water Transport,and Irrigation:Changes and Prospects of Agricultural Landscape in Guanzhong from the Perspective of Water Conservancy History

作　　者：解铭威 周慧荻 陈耸 王向荣[1] XIE Mingwei;ZHOU Huidi;CHEN Song;WANG Xiangrong

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第11期124-130,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：自然资源部国土空间规划体系重大课题(TC2101050/10)。

摘　　要：关中地区旱涝共存,先民兴修水利,发展传统农业景观,然而这种地域特征正在消失。基于水利史研究视角,结合风景园林与历史地理学研究方法,分析了关中水利建设和农业景观变迁的关系。介绍了关中水利建设的背景,回顾了水利建设的历史沿革,并概括为2个高峰6个阶段;从灌溉、防灾、漕运与城市供水4个方面分析水利对农业景观的影响,进而总结先民为开发农业采取的水环境措施,即以水定农、引水防旱、疏水排涝和用水有度,之后为农业景观的保护提出建议。关中形成了独特的“防旱排涝”水利建设目标和“漕灌兼顾”的水资源分配方式,体现了适应自然的传统智慧,为西北干旱区农业景观的保护与研究提供了一个新视角。Drought and flood coexist in Guanzhong(the central Shaanxi plain),and the ancestors developed traditional agricultural landscapes through the construction of water conservancy.However,this regional characteristic is disappearing.Based on water conservancy history,combined with landscape architecture and historical geography methods,this paper analyzes the relationship between water conservancy construction and agricultural landscape changes in Guanzhong.The background of water conservancy construction was introduced,the history of water conservancy construction was reviewed,and summarized into 2 peaks and 6 stages;the impact of water conservancy on agricultural landscapes was analyzed from 4 aspects:irrigation,disaster prevention,water transportation,and urban water supply.Then,the water environment measures taken by the ancestors for the development of agriculture were summarized.Suggestions were made for the protection of agricultural landscapes.Guanzhong has formed a unique water conservancy construction goal of"drought prevention and drainage"and a water resource allocation method of"considering both water and irrigation",reflecting the traditional wisdom of adapting to nature.Provide a new perspective for the protection and research of agricultural landscapes in the northwest arid region.

关 键 词：风景园林 农业景观 水利 国土景观 关中 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]