汉江流域水资源分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of water resources in the Hanjiang River basin

作　　者：熊明 徐长江 李威 卜慧 Xiong Ming;Xu Changjiang;Li Wei;Bu Hui

机构地区：[1]水利部长江水利委员会水文局,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第23期42-48,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206001);湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD354)。

摘　　要：汉江作为南水北调中线、引汉济渭、鄂北地区水资源配置工程的水源地,对我国经济社会协调发展具有重要支撑作用。随着近年气候变化和人类活动影响加剧,汉江流域水资源供需矛盾日益突出,在此背景下系统分析其水资源量时空分布特征显得尤为必要。基于1956—2016年汉江流域降水量和地表水资源量数据,以及2001—2016年汉江流域地下水资源量数据,对降水量、地表水资源量和地下水资源量空间分布特征及其年际变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:①汉江流域1956—2016年多年平均年降水量为897.7 mm,多年平均年水面蒸发量700~1100 mm;②流域多年平均年径流深200~900 mm,连续最大4个月径流占全年径流的55%~72%,出现时间大多在7—10月;③流域山丘区地下水资源相对丰富,整体而言山丘区地下水资源量占比要高于平原区;④流域多年平均年水资源总量为564.0亿m^(3),涉及陕西、湖北、河南、四川、重庆、甘肃6个省级行政区,水资源总量分别为251.3亿m^(3)、220.1亿m^(3)、69.46亿m^(3)、3.852亿m^(3)、18.83亿m^(3)和0.4495亿m^(3)。As the water source region for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the Han-to-Wei Water Diversion Project,and the water resource allocation project in northern Hubei,the Hanjiang River is critical to supporting China’s coordinated economic and social development.In recent years,intensified impacts of climate change and human activities have exacerbated the conflict between water supply and demand in the basin,highlighting the necessity for a systematic analysis of its water resources’spatiotemporal distribution characteristics.Based on precipitation and surface water resource data(1956–2016)and groundwater resource data(2001–2016),this study analyzes the spatial distribution and interannual variation trends of precipitation,surface water resources,and groundwater resources in the Hanjiang River basin.The results indicate:(1)The long-term average annual precipitation in the Hanjiang River basin(1956–2016)is 897.7 mm,with annual evaporation ranging from 700 to 1100 mm.(2)The long-term average annual runoff depth ranges from 200 to 900 mm,with runoff during the maximum four consecutive months accounting for 55%~72%of total annual runoff,mostly occurring from July to October.(3)Groundwater resources are relatively abundant in mountainous areas,with their proportion being higher in mountainous regions compared to plains.(4)The long-term average annual total water resources in the basin are 56.40 billion m^(3),distributed across six provincial-level administrative regions:Shaanxi(25.13 billion m^(3)),Hubei(22.01 billion m^(3)),Henan(6.946 billion m^(3)),Sichuan(0.385 billion m^(3)),Chongqing(1.883 billion m^(3)),and Gansu(0.045 billion m^(3)).

关 键 词：汉江流域 时空分析 降水 地表水资源 地下水资源 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]