货运飞机装箱与配载组合优化  

Optimization of cargo aircraft packing and stowage combination

作　　者：赵向领[1,2] 左蕾 ZHAO Xiangling;ZUO Lei(College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry,Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [2]东北大学智能工业数据解析与优化教育部重点实验室,沈阳110819

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第11期475-485,共11页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2333217,52272356);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(3122020049,3122019130);中国民航大学研究生科研创新资助项目(2022YJS087)。

摘　　要：为了指导航空货运装箱操作,挖掘航班运力,提高运输效率,通过装箱与配载组合优化建模与求解,获得初步装箱方案。建立了分步优化模型、组合优化模型和改进的组合优化模型,3种模型以业载量装载最大和重心偏移指定位置最小为目标,综合考虑了实际装箱和配载操作中的各种限制条件,包括集装箱和飞机机舱的体积限制、质量限制、位置限制、平衡限制等各类约束。以B777F机型为例,采用商业求解器Gurobi对3种模型4类不同条件数据进行求解、验证和对比分析。试验表明:分步优化模型的求解速度最快,在限定时间内求解出来的案例平均使用时间为87.77 s;但重心偏差最大,平均偏差为1.35%,部分案例出现不可接受情况,最大达到3.66%,平均业载量最小,为97 412.37 kg。组合优化模型求解时间最长,48%的案例在限制时间内无法求解出来,求解出的案例平均使用时间为880.25 s,现实操作中很难接受。改进组合优化模型,求解时间可接受,平均为424.79 s,目标优化效果最好,平均业载量最大,为97 679.77 kg;所有重心偏差被控制在1.16%以内,平均为0.79%。To guide the packing operation,raise aircraft payload,and boost transportation effectiveness,models of the combination of air cargo palletization(ACP)and aircraft weight and balance(AWB)were developed.The bi-level optimization model(BOM),the combinatorial optimization model(COM),and the improved combinatorial optimization model(IOM)were proposed,and the objectives of the models were the maximum payload and the minimum center of gravity(CG)deviation from a defined target CG.The models also took into account a wide range of restrictions in real packing and stowing operations,such as limitations on capacity,weight,loading position,aircraft balance,and other factors in aircraft and unit loading devices.Four scenarios with various conditional data for three models were tested and analyzed using the commercial solver Gurobi,by taking the B777F as an example.Tests showed that while the BOM had the greatest CG deviation and the smallest mean payload(97412.37 kg),it also had the fastest solution speed.For cases solved within the time limit,the mean computational time was 87.77 s,but the mean CG deviation was 1.35%.And there were some unacceptable cases where the maximum approached 3.66%.The COM test required the longest time for completion;48%of the cases cannot be solved in the given time limit,and the mean took 880.25 s for completion,making it a challenge to accept in real-life scenarios.The IOM had an acceptable solution time,with a mean of 424.79 s,the best target optimization effect,and the greatest payload,with a mean of 97679.77 kg;all CG deviations were controlled within 1.16%,with a mean of 0.79%.

关 键 词：航空货运 装箱 载重平衡 整数规划 组合优化 

分 类 号：V271.9[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]