自动化行政中的个人信息治理  

Personal Information Governance in Automated Administration

作　　者：王明敏 Wang Mingmin

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第6期90-110,共21页Human Rights

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“互联网平台的社会影响及其治理路径研究”(项目批准号:21&ZD195);山东省教育厅2022年度山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”“反恐立法与人权保障法律问题研究”(项目号:2022RW016)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：个人信息等数据处理活动构成自动化行政的基础架构,在个人信息保护、数据安全和算法治理的多元法治要求下,此类行政活动的法律规制应以平衡个人信息利用与保护,促进个人信息高效、安全、有序流动,形成规范化的个人信息利用秩序作为价值目标,并构建体系化的公共治理机制。在反思型法视角中,自动化行政的个人信息治理应在外部规制的激扰下推动其自我规制。基本权利是政治系统与法律系统双重反思性的结构耦合,构成自动化行政的自我规制的宪法基础;个人信息保护制度和数字行政法是来自法律系统的外部规制,构成其法制基础,并为其提供场景化和类型化的治理思路。政务数据场景聚焦于个人信息处理活动的规范化治理,以公平信息实践原则为基本框架,以履行法定职责所必需为合法性基础。算法决策场景围绕算法正当程序原则构成其框架体系,明确信息主体的免受自动化决策拘束权及其权利行使机制,围绕前置性算法设计的程序法规制而建构公共算法中的信息流动秩序。Processing activities of data such as personal information constitute the infrastructure of automated administration.Under the multi-legal requirements in personal information protection,data security,and algorithm governance,the legal regulation of such administrative activities shall pursue the value goal of balancing the use and protection of personal information,promoting the efficient,safe,and orderly flow of personal information,and forming a standardized order for the use of personal information,and build a systematic public governance mechanism.From the perspective of reflective law,the personal information governance of automated administration shall promote its self-regulation under the stimulation of external regulation.Fundamental rights are a combination of dual reflective structures of the political system and the legal system,forming the constitutional basis for the self-regulation of automated administration.The personal information protection system and digital administrative law are external regulations from the legal system,forming the legal basis and providing automated administration with scenario-based and classified governance ideas.The government data scenario focuses on the standardized governance of personal information processing activities.It takes the principles of fair information practice as its basic framework and the necessity to perform statutory duties as its legal basis.The algorithmic decision-making scenario forms its framework system based on the principle of algorithmic due process,which clarifies the information subject's right not to be subject to automated decision-making and the mechanism for exercising the rights.It establishes the information flow order in public algorithms based on the procedural law regulations of prior algorithm designs.

关 键 词：自动化行政 个人信息保护 场景规制 政务数据治理 算法决策 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]