论可行能力视域下的数字弱者保护  

On the Protection of the Digitally Disadvantaged from the Perspective of the Capabilities Approach

作　　者：杨俊鹏 Yang Junpeng

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第6期111-137,共27页Human Rights

基　　金：2024年重庆市研究生科创新项目“数字权利的规范体系研究”(项目号:CYB240176)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字化生存和发展既是数字社会人权理论与实践的重要内容,更是数字弱者保护的旨归。当前,数字弱者保护的“权利进路”忽视了“能力进路”核心关注的个体性差异、行动的过程性、权利质量和数字能力发展,因而在内容与成效上弱于能力进路。可行能力视域下,数字弱者表现为数字权利弱化和数字失能的复合状态。技术权力对个人权利的挤压、个体性差异之内在能力不足、结构性失衡之结合能力羸弱是数字弱者问题的本质逻辑。为此,需将可行能力作为价值原则嵌入数字弱者的法治化保护;提升以权利之维的数字素养培育为内容的内在能力;形成以数字权力约束及责任性配置、多元协作数字能力评估、宣介援助,以及国家规范化、发展式、倾斜性赋能等为内容的结合能力,保障数字弱者可行能力的发挥和发展。Digital survival and development is not only an important part of the theory and practice of human rights in the digital society but also the purpose of protecting the digitally disadvantaged.Today, the rights approach to protecting the digitally disadvantaged ignores individual differences, the process of action, the quality of rights, and digital capability development which are of greatest concern to the capabilities approach.Therefore, it is inferior to the latter in terms of both content and effectiveness.From the perspective of the capabilities approach, the digitally disadvantaged manifest a combined state of weakened digital rights and digital disability.The exclusion of individual rights by technological rights, the lack of inherent capabilities due to individual differences, and the weak combination of structural imbalances are the essential logic of the problem of the digitally disadvantaged.Therefore, it is necessary to embed the capabilities approach as a value principle into the legal protection of the digitally disadvantaged and enhance the intrinsic capabilities by cultivating digital literacy within the dimension of rights.Additionally, it is also necessary to develop a comprehensive capability by combining digital power constraints and responsible allocation, diversified collaborative digital capability assessment, promotion and assistance, and national standardized, motivational, and preferential empowerment to ensure that the digitally disadvantaged unleash and develop their capabilities.

关 键 词：可行能力理论 数字弱者 数字权利 数字失能 法治赋能 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D912.7[政治法律—法学]