代孕的伦理风险与法律规制——由域外晚近代孕伦理事件切入  

Ethical Risks and Legal Regulation of Surrogacy: from the Perspective of Recent Unethical Incidents of Surrogacy Abroad

作　　者：李亭慧 Li Tinghui

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第6期157-180,共24页Human Rights

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(项目号:2022NTSS06)项目阶段性成果。

摘　　要：代孕已经成为全球现象,域外晚近代孕伦理事件折射出了代孕伦理风险。代孕主要引发三种伦理风险:第一,就代理孕母与代孕子女而言,代孕危害人的尊严;第二,就家庭伦理道德秩序而言,代孕危害善良风俗;第三,就代孕子女弱者保护而言,代孕不符合美德。代孕伦理风险的存在要求在法律规制层面上采取完全禁止的立场,代孕支持论者否认伦理理由成为立法理由不具有说服力,其承认代孕的合理性也不成立。在完全禁止的法律立场之下可采取的具体法律策略包括明确禁止代孕的法律原则、对违法代孕行为加大惩罚力度和贯彻儿童利益最大化原则等。Surrogacy has become a global phenomenon.Recent unethical incidents of surrogacy abroad reflect the ethical risks of surrogacy.Surrogacy mainly causes three ethical risks: firstly, it endangers the human dignity of the surrogate mother and child;secondly, it endangers good customs in terms of the family's ethical and moral order;thirdly, it is not in line with virtues in terms of protecting the disadvantaged children in surrogacy.The existence of ethical risks in surrogacy requires a completely prohibitive stance at the legal regulatory level.The reasons given by surrogacy supporters for denying the ethical risks are not convincing.Their recognition of the rationality of surrogacy is also not tenable.With the legal stance of complete prohibition, specific legal strategies include clarifying the legal principle of prohibiting surrogacy, increasing penalties for surrogacy, and implementing the principle of maximizing the interests of the children.

关 键 词：代孕 伦理风险 人的尊严 善良风俗 美德 法律规制 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论] D922.16[政治法律—法学] D923