今日把示君:中国宪法学十年回顾  

Today I Will Show You:A Review of the Studies of Constitutional Law in the Past Decade

作　　者：张翔[1] ZHANG Xiang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2024年第6期78-96,共19页China Law Review

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理现代化背景下保证宪法全面实施制度体系研究”(23ZDA074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中国法学的整体方法论自觉与合宪性审查制度破冰的背景下,宪法学基本确立了法教义学的方向。宪法教义学的视野从基本权利拓展到了国家机构、序言、总纲乃至国家标志,国家权力配置原则的规范内涵阐释、国家目标条款的规范力建构是其重要体现。宪法学与刑事法、民事法、行政法等学科在众多学理和实践议题上更加密切地双向交流,并在“部门宪法”概念下与环境法、经济法等学科相互促进。已经日常化的基本权利研究,在总论领域的继续深耕与通信权、财产权等领域的个论展开,表现出明显的实践导向性。围绕宪法观与宪法实施等主题的基础理论研究,更加自觉地取向宪法规范和宪法实践,呈现出“教义学化的基础理论”样貌。比较宪法和宪法史研究也与指向本国现行法秩序的教义学增强了联系。宪法学在“中国”和“法学”两个层面都具有很强的自主性,并将在宪法全面实施的时代承担起规范权力和保障权利的现代法秩序的建构任务。In the context of increasing methodological self-awareness in Chinese legal studies and the breakthrough of the constitutional review system,doctrinal study has largely established itself as the primary approach in constitutional scholarship.The scope of doctrinal study of constitutional law has expanded from fundamental rights to other parts of the Constitution,including state institutions,the preamble,general principles,and even national symbols.Two notable manifestations of this shift are the evolving interpretations of the principles governing the distribution of state powers and the state objective clauses.Constitutional law has developed closer two-way exchanges with other areas of law,including criminal,civil,and administrative law,addressing a wide range of theoretical and practical issues.Moreover,it has engaged dynamically with environmental law and economic law under the concept of"sectoral constitutional law."Research on fundamental rights,now an established area of inquiry,continues to deepen in its general theory while simultaneously advancing in specific rights such as the right to communication and the right to property,demonstrating a clear practical orientation.Research on ground theories such as conceptions of the constitution and constitutional implementationhas become more consciously oriented towards constitutional norms and practices,giving rise to what may be termed"doctrinal ground theories."Studies in comparative constitutional law and constitutional history have also strengthened their connections to the doctrinal analysis of China's existing legal order.As a result,Chinese constitutional scholarship is demonstrating a high degree of autonomy in both its"China"and "legal scholarship"dimensions,and will undertake the task of constructing a modern legal order that regulates power and safeguards rights in an era of comprehensive constitutional implementation.

关 键 词：宪法(教义)学 合宪性审查 宪法学方法论 宪法全面实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]