面向空间站维护的微纳卫星绕飞姿轨协同控制方法研究  

Research on Attitude and Orbit Control Method of Micro⁃Nano Satellite Circumnavigating for Space Stations Maintenance

作　　者：张雨 乔琛远 赵勇[1] 黄奕勇 吴宗谕 ZHANG Yu;QIAO Chenyuan;ZHAO Yong;HUANG Yiyong;WU Zongyu(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology,Chinese Academy of Military Science,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [2]军事科学院国防科技创新研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《载人航天》2024年第6期834-843,共10页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对微纳卫星执行空间站维护的近距离绕飞巡检任务的复杂性,建立了姿轨协同动力学模型,提出了一种分段设计姿轨联合控制方法。首先,观测段采用优化两点边值问题的方法,给出了符合观测要求的自由漂移轨迹;其次,基于非奇异快速终端滑模的有限时间姿态控制器设计微纳卫星的姿态控制律,使其满足绕飞轨迹约束及观测段的姿态需求;最后,转移段采用最优控制方法优化小推力转移问题,实现了燃料最优的巡检轨迹设计。仿真结果表明:在分段求解设计控制的作用下,微纳卫星在绕飞过程中能有效对空间站进行避撞并实现近距离观测巡检,解决了观测与机动同时进行导致的姿态冲突问题。Addressing the complexity of micro-nano satellites performing close flyby inspection missions for space station maintenance,a dynamic model for attitude and orbit was established.An in-novative segmented design method for combined attitude and orbit control was proposed.During the observation segment,an optimized two-point boundary value problem approach was adopted to derive a free-drift trajectory that could meet the observation requirements.Subsequently,based on a nonsingular terminal sliding mode finite-time attitude controller,the attitude control law for the micronano satellite was designed to satisfy the trajectory and observational attitude needs.Finally,during the transfer segment,an optimal control method was used to optimize the low-thrust transfer issue,achieving a fuel-optimal inspection trajectory design.The simulation results demonstrated that under the action of the segmented solution design control,the micro-nano satellite could effectively avoid collision with the space station during the flyby process and achieve ultra-close distance observation and inspection.These research resolved the conflict in attitude caused by simultaneous observation and maneuvering.

关 键 词：绕飞巡检 姿态控制 轨道控制 近距离观测 空间站维护 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]