本体感觉训练对定向运动员平衡能力、下肢力量以及识图专项技能的影响  

Influence of Proprioceptive Training on the Balance Ability,Lower Limb Strength and Map Reading Skills of Orienteers

作　　者：任卫华 高天[2] 刘珂 李艳辉[3] 娄彦涛[3] REN Weihua;GAO Tian;LIU Ke;LI Yanhui;LOU Yantao(School of Sports and Health Management,Henan Finance University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Sports Department,Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College,Jiyuan 459000,Henan,China;College of Exercise and Health,Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财政金融学院体育与健康管理学院,河南郑州450046 [2]济源职业技术学院体育部,河南济源459000 [3]沈阳体育学院运动健康学院,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《上海体育大学学报》2024年第12期92-104,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科研平台建设项目(LJ232410176004);辽宁省自然科学基金计划(面上计划)项目(2023-MS-330)。

摘　　要：目的探讨本体感觉训练对定向运动员平衡能力、下肢肌肉力量以及识图能力的影响程度,为后期的专项训练实践提供科学依据。方法将45名男子定向运动员随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行12周本体感觉训练和专项体能训练,对照组进行12周专项体能训练和基础耐力训练。利用表面肌电仪器采集运动员模拟上、下坡专项训练的下肢主要肌肉贡献率特征;采用平衡测试仪、等速肌力测试分析系统、秒表等进行平衡能力、肌力和现场识别地图能力的测试,对训练前后不同识图能力进行比较,分析运动员在视觉、认知、本体感觉等多因素干扰下的静态和动态平衡能力、下肢力量和专项识图能力。结果12周干预后:①在静态平衡条件下,2组运动员在压力中心(COP)的X轴(左右方向)与Y轴(前后方向)的移动距离、移动速度上,实验组均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);②在动态平衡条件下,2组运动员在动作完成时间、X轴与Y轴的移动距离上,实验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);③2组运动员的最大力量、维持最大值的时间、平均力量、最大功率和平均功率均有不同程度的提高,实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);④实验组的动态识图能力指标显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论12周的本体感觉训练可有效提升定向运动员的静态和动态平衡能力,增加下肢屈伸肌群肌力,改善运动员的姿势控制能力,提高定向运动员在复杂环境中的专项技术能力,本体感觉训练和专项识图技术训练方法切实可行。Objective To explore the influence of proprioceptive training on the balance ability,lower limb strength and map reading skills of orienteering athletes,providing a scientific basis for future training practice.Methods 45 male orienteers were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The experimental group received 12 weeks of proprioceptive training and special physical training,and the control group received 12 weeks of special physical training and basic endurance training.Surface electromyography instrument was used to collect the contribution rate characteristics of the main muscles of the athletes'lower limbs in simulated uphill and downhill special training.Balance tester,isokinetic muscle strength test and analysis system,stopwatch,etc,were used to test athletes'balance ability,muscle strength and field map recognition ability.Different map reading abilities before and after training were compared,and static and dynamic balance ability,lower limb strength and special map reading ability under the interference of multiple factors such as vision,cognition and proprioception were analyzed.Results After 12 weeks of intervention:①Under static equilibrium condition,the movement distance and speed of COP in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05);②Under the dynamic balance condition,the movement completion time and the movement distance of X-axis and Y-axis in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);③The maximum strength,maximum maintenance time,average strength,maximum power and average power of the two groups were increased in different degrees,and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);④The index of dynamic map reading ability in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion 12-week proprioceptive training can effectively improve the static and dynamic balance ability of orienteers,increase their mu

关 键 词：本体感觉 定向运动 专项技能 平衡能力 肌肉力量 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]