页岩油水力压裂裂缝特征场地级数值模拟优化方法  

Numerical simulation optimization method for site-level hydraulic fracturing fracture characteristics in shale oil

作　　者：田建超 张艺 李凝 贾江芬 李伟杰 张登文 TIAN Jianchao;ZHANG Yi;LI Ning;JIA Jiangfen;LI Weijie;ZHANG Dengwen(Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology,PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company,Renqiu 062552,Hebei,China;Key Laboratory of Low-Permeability and Extra-Low-Permeability Reservoir Stimulation,Renqiu 062552,Hebei,China;Digital Intelligence Technology Company,PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company,Renqiu 062552,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油华北油田分公司油气工艺研究院,河北任丘062552 [2]河北省低渗特低渗油气藏储层改造重点实验室,河北任丘062552 [3]中国石油华北油田分公司数智技术公司,河北任丘062552

出　　处：《石油钻采工艺》2024年第3期326-335,共10页Oil Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：中国石油华北油田分公司重大科技专项“华北油田压舱石工程关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2024HBYTZX02);中国石油华北油田分公司科研项目“冀中地区页岩油储层改造技术研究与探索”(编号:2023-HB-D07)。

摘　　要：压裂井通常采用微地震监测技术进行水力裂缝识别,该技术需要布监测点、现场监测、数据后处理等流程,解释成果存在一定的滞后性,多用于后期压裂效果评价,制约了其在前期压裂设计优化中的应用,为此开展页岩水力压裂裂缝特征数值模拟研究。基于地质工程一体化软件FracMan,建立了含天然裂缝的页岩水力压裂裂缝数值模型,通过与实例A井的现场微地震监测数据进行对比,数值模拟得到的改造体积和微地震裂缝长度与现场监测结果吻合度达到90%以上,验证了该模型的可靠性,进而分析了天然裂缝密度、天然裂缝方位角、簇间距以及排量等参数对页岩水力压裂微地震裂缝长度、改造体积的影响。研究结果表明,水力压裂微地震缝长与天然裂缝方位角、簇间距、压裂液黏度呈正相关,与天然裂缝密度呈负相关,微地震缝长随排量和液量增加则先升后降,存在最优排量和液量;改造体积与天然裂缝方位角、液量、压裂液黏度呈正相关,而随着天然裂缝密度、簇间距、排量增加则先升后降,存在最优天然裂缝密度、簇间距、排量使得改造体积最大。研究结果为页岩油水力压裂优化设计提供新的技术思路。Hydraulic fractures in fractured wells are typically identified using microseismic monitoring technology,which involves setting up monitoring points,conducting on-site monitoring,and performing data post-processing.This technology,however,is limited by certain delays in result interpretation,making it primarily suitable for post-fracturing effect evaluation,which restricts its application in early fracturing design optimization.To address this,numerical simulation research on fracture characteristics during shale hydraulic fracturing was performed.Using the integrated geological engineering software Fracman,a numerical model of shale hydraulic fracture characteristics,incorporating natural fractures,was established.By comparing the simulation results with microseismic monitoring data from the on-site operations of Well A,it was found that the simulated stimulation volume and microseismic fracture length achieved over 90%agreement with the field measurements,confirming the reliability of the model.Subsequently,the effects of parameters such as natural fracture density,fracture azimuth angle,cluster spacing,and flow rate on microseismic fracture length and stimulation volume during shale hydraulic fracturing were analyzed.The results indicate that microseismic fracture length in hydraulic fracturing positively correlates with natural fracture azimuth angle,cluster spacing,and fracturing fluid viscosity,while it shows a negative correlation with natural fracture density.Additionally,the microseismic fracture length initially increases and then decreases as flow rate and fluid volume rise,suggesting the existence of optimal flow rate and fluid volume values.Similarly,stimulation volume is positively correlated with natural fracture azimuth angle,fluid volume,and fracturing fluid viscosity,but shows an initial increase followed by a decrease with the increase in natural fracture density,cluster spacing,and flow rate,indicating optimal values for natural fracture density,cluster spacing,and flow rate that maximize stim

关 键 词：页岩油 微地震 水力压裂设计 数值模拟 改造体积 天然裂缝 工程参数 

分 类 号：TE357.1[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]