《海警法》涉外应用的相关思考  

Thoughts on the Foreign Application of the Coast Guard Law

作　　者：李文杰 LI Wenjie(Law School,University of International Relations,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]国际关系学院法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第4期17-25,共9页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“海上平时军事活动的管辖权问题研究”(20CFX081)。

摘　　要：《海警法》在历经多年的调研、讨论及打磨后得以正式施行,解决了以往中国海上维权执法机制中存在的诸多问题,且特点突出。同时,《海警法》也引发了个别国家的过度忧虑。在检视、分析《海警法》中的涉外规则后,可以发现其在与国际海洋法规则的衔接方面、相关权利的拓展方面以及执法武力使用规则的细化方面均尚有进一步提升的空间。对此,在国际关系的处理上,建议同时推进舆论工作与法律工作,即中国在开展外交工作时应注重融入相关法理。在完善立法方面,针对《海警法》中的现有规则,建议从增强其明确性、加强与国内国际涉海法律规则间的接轨等方面入手。在制定配套规则时,应当首要考虑一线人员的实践需求。The Coast Guard Law,after years of research,discussion,and refinement,formally came into force in 2021 to address issues such as the integration of institutional responsibilities.The Coast Guard Law not only resolves numerous challenges within China’s previous maritime rights protection and law enforcement mechanism,marked by its comprehensive and meticulous traits,but also carries significant importance for national security.At the same time,the Coast Guard Law has induced excessive anxiety among certain countries.However,the subjects of main criticisms from these countries regarding the law,such as the scope in which the China Coast Guard can conduct activities of maritime rights protection and law enforcement,are entirely consistent with rules of international law and the general practice of states in the international community.Their abnormal stance stems from an initial diffi-culty in accommodating the shift in China’s posture in maritime rights protection and law enforcement.In reality,the content of the Coast Guard Law is contrary to the excessive concerns of these nations.Specifically,its provisions regarding the spacial scale of rights protection and law enforcement demonstrate a rather conservative character.And there are several areas in which this law has potential for improvement,including aligning with the international law of the sea such as the“hot pursuit”rules,expanding the spacial scale of rights protection and law enforcement,and refining rules of procedure for the effective use of force in law enforcement.Therefore,it is recommended to further improve its application in foreign affairs in order to fully safeguard the lawful rights of our country.In light of this,in response to the overreaction of some countries,and considering that the related issues of the Coast Guard Law inherently have a legal basis,diplomatic efforts should incorporate relevant jurisprudence.When conducting foreign relations,it is essential to distinguish between countries based on their stance towards this law,an

关 键 词：《海警法》 管辖海域 维权执法 武力使用 配套规则 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]