海上封锁法适用于非国际性武装冲突:困境、演进与融合  

The Law of Naval Blockade Applicable to the Non⁃International Armed Conflicts:Dilemma,Evolution and Integration

作　　者：周明园 ZHOU Mingyuan(Periodicals Agency,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学期刊社,上海200444

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第4期26-36,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“军民融合战略下海上通道安全法治保障研究”(18ZDA155);2022年度浙江省新型重点专业智库——宁波大学东海战略研究院自设课题一般项目“海洋安全与海洋合作研究——以海事区域协同为视角”(DHZL22YB03)。

摘　　要：以色列与加沙地区存在持久武装冲突的现实,尤其是“马维·马尔马拉”号事件诱发海上封锁法在非国际性武装冲突下的争论与困境。海上封锁中交战团体承认制度的形成、不同历史时期各国实施海上封锁的实践,乃至海上封锁习惯法的编纂与逐渐发展,昭示着海上封锁法适用于非国际性武装冲突顺应了武装冲突法的发展趋势。第三国能否容忍由于实施海上封锁导致对海洋航行自由的干涉或阻碍,构成非国际性武装冲突下实施海上封锁的关键和挑战。区域化不仅成为越来越重要的政治现象,而且成为确保未来的海洋制度达成全球性协议的一种较优路径。为此,海洋区域主义构建了应对上述挑战与困境的可行性模式,其实质属于海上封锁法在非国际性武装冲突中的融合性适用。Naval blockade,as a traditional method of maritime warfare,has been widely used in various battles of different scales.Due to the serious disruption of maritime traffic and trade caused by the implementation of the blockade,with the establishment of a neutral system and the general consensus on protecting the trade rights of neu-tral countries,the law of naval blockade gradually developed under the tense relationship between the blocking country’s claim of certain rights and the neutral country’s acceptance or rejection of them.Due to the fact that the law of naval warfare,including the law of naval blockade,has long been considered a part of international armed conflict law,the existing rules seem to be difficult to constrain practices that operate outside of international armed conflicts.As for the current regulation of armed conflicts,more and more signs indicate that the gap between the rules of international armed conflict and that of non-international armed conflict is declining.In the context of fre-quent armed conflicts in certain regions of the international community,the core significance of the application of international armed conflict law in non-international armed conflicts lies not in the identification of international or non-international armed conflicts,but in the universality of resolving factual armed conflict disputes.Recently,the reality of the persistent armed conflict between Israel and Gaza,especially the“Mavi Marmara”incident,has trig-gered the controversy and dilemma of the law of naval blockade under non-international armed conflicts.The forma-tion of the recognition system of belligerency in naval blockade,the practice of naval blockade implemented by vari-ous countries in different historical periods,and the compilation and gradual development of the customary law of naval blockade,indicate that the application of the law of naval blockade to non-international armed conflicts con-forms to the development trend of armed conflict law.On the one hand,in current national practic

关 键 词：海上封锁 非国际性武装冲突 “马维·马尔马拉”号事件 交战团体承认制度 海洋区域主义 

分 类 号：D995[政治法律—国际法学]